SPHHS 150 FINAL EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
PERIE - ANS problem, etiology, recommendations, implementation, evaluation
problem - ANS defining the problem, understand it's morbidity (illness) and death from
illness (mortality) what is the course and distribution of the disease?
etiology - ANS understanding the causes of the problem
for something to be a cause: - ANS precedes the effect, altering the cause alters the effect at
the population level
evidence based - ANS effectiveness is supported by credible research findings
epidemiology - ANS how health and disease are distributed and affect a population. work to
prevent and control disease by identifying causes, tracking spread, and developing solutions.
incidence - ANS number of new cases of a disease that develop within a population over a
given period of time
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, prevalence - ANS proportion of individuals in a population who have a disease at a particular
point in time, including both new and existing cases
descriptive epidemiology - ANS describe the distribution of a disease within a population by
looking at patterns across time, place, and person.
analytic epidemiology - ANS seeks to identify the causes and risk factors of a disease by
analyzing relationships between exposures and health outcomes.
exposure - ANS factor that influences the occurrence of the health condition
(independent variable-> predictor)
outcome - ANS health condition that is being observed
(dependent variable-> observed)
cohort study - ANS studying groups (cohorts) over long periods of time to see how certain
exposures affect outcomes of interest
smoking --> lung cancer in 10 years + nonsmoking --> no lung cancer in 10 years
cohort pros and cons - ANS pros: good for rare exposures, allows calculation of incidence
(risk)
cons: time consuming, costly to follow up, can introduce bias
case-control study - ANS individuals with a particular disease and individuals without the
disease, asks about their past
case-control pros and cons - ANS pros: quick and inexpensive, efficient, requires fewer
participants
cons: cannot establish temporality, can't calculate incidence directly, can't remember past, bias
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
PERIE - ANS problem, etiology, recommendations, implementation, evaluation
problem - ANS defining the problem, understand it's morbidity (illness) and death from
illness (mortality) what is the course and distribution of the disease?
etiology - ANS understanding the causes of the problem
for something to be a cause: - ANS precedes the effect, altering the cause alters the effect at
the population level
evidence based - ANS effectiveness is supported by credible research findings
epidemiology - ANS how health and disease are distributed and affect a population. work to
prevent and control disease by identifying causes, tracking spread, and developing solutions.
incidence - ANS number of new cases of a disease that develop within a population over a
given period of time
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, prevalence - ANS proportion of individuals in a population who have a disease at a particular
point in time, including both new and existing cases
descriptive epidemiology - ANS describe the distribution of a disease within a population by
looking at patterns across time, place, and person.
analytic epidemiology - ANS seeks to identify the causes and risk factors of a disease by
analyzing relationships between exposures and health outcomes.
exposure - ANS factor that influences the occurrence of the health condition
(independent variable-> predictor)
outcome - ANS health condition that is being observed
(dependent variable-> observed)
cohort study - ANS studying groups (cohorts) over long periods of time to see how certain
exposures affect outcomes of interest
smoking --> lung cancer in 10 years + nonsmoking --> no lung cancer in 10 years
cohort pros and cons - ANS pros: good for rare exposures, allows calculation of incidence
(risk)
cons: time consuming, costly to follow up, can introduce bias
case-control study - ANS individuals with a particular disease and individuals without the
disease, asks about their past
case-control pros and cons - ANS pros: quick and inexpensive, efficient, requires fewer
participants
cons: cannot establish temporality, can't calculate incidence directly, can't remember past, bias
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
