ILTS 290 (LBS 1) EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Central Auditory Processing Disorders - Answer-Listening disorders that are severe and
involve, for example, poor awareness of, attention to, and discrimination of sounds; poor
association of sounds with symbols; poor recall of sound sequences; and overall slowed
processing rate
Language Quality - Answer-The content, structure, and pragmatic social (everyday) use
of language
Graphic Organizers - Answer-Tools such as mind maps and outlines that allow students
to visualize their ideas
Cuing/Prompting - Answer-The use of cues that precede the desired behavior in time
and act as reminders of what is required
AAC - Answer-Augmentative and alternative communication. AAC devices provide
technological support for the language that the child has: Verbal or nonverbal/ gestural
modes of communication and alternative communication methods that bypass the oral
system of communication
RD - Answer-Reading Disability. This broad term is used to refer to many problems
associated with reading, including reading comprehension problems or hyperlexia, but
most often it refers to dyslexia
Dyslexia - Answer-A disorder of reading or decoding that is often accompanied by
spelling problems
Decoding - Answer-The process of translating visual symbols (letters) into auditory
equivalents (sounds and words) or the achievement of accurate and/or fluent word
recognition
Reading Comprehension - Answer-The ability to gain meaning from text that is read
(understanding or encoding)
Endowment - Answer-The abilities an individual is born with (congenital)
Heritability - Answer-The percentage of a characteristic that can be explained by
genetics
, fMRI - Answer-Functional magnetic response imaging. A type of neuroimaging
technology that is used to conduct assessments. An individual performs a test requiring
specific skills while undergoing an MRI, and the brain activity associated with
performing the task can be nonintrusively assessed.
SES - Answer-Socioeconomic status; that is, the economic class of an individual
Clinical Range - Answer-The level at which a child's disability is severe enough for the
child to be labeled and to receive services
Learned Helplessness - Answer-A condition in which individuals attribute their
successes to external factors (not to their own efforts) and their failures to their lack of
ability (not to lack of effort)
Antisocial - Answer-Against the social order (breaking social rules)
Sight Approach - Answer-A method of teaching reading that relies on visually based
retrieval (sometimes called the basal reading approach). Children are taught to
recognize and associate meanings with whole words or word pictures, often using high-
frequency grade-level words
Mathew Effect - Answer-The spreading of reading difficulties to other subject areas
(math problem solving) accompanied by a cyclical downward spiral of motivation
Fluency - Answer-The ability to read text accurately and quickly (automatically)
Context Cues - Answer-The meaning of words and pictures that surround unknown
words, which children may use to decode the unknown words and capture meaning
Visual errors in composition, and spelling - Answer-Students spell words exactly the
way they sound and not the way they look
Auditory Errors in Composition and Spelling - Answer-Errors in which the words within
sentences, sentences within paragraphs, and ideas within compositions are out of order
or poorly organized. Also, sounds, syllables, and words are missing or have omissions,
additions, substitutions, or ending errors (agreement, tense, plural, possessives)
Phonological Code System - Answer-A method of teaching children to read in which
they learn the visual letter symbols, their corresponding sounds, and their governing
rules in order to decode words and to spell
Mnemonics - Answer-Memory "tricks" such as acronyms, crazy phrases, or cartoons
that act as global or abbreviated cues and can be used to recall more complex and
detailed verbal information
QUESTIONS WITH 100% COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Central Auditory Processing Disorders - Answer-Listening disorders that are severe and
involve, for example, poor awareness of, attention to, and discrimination of sounds; poor
association of sounds with symbols; poor recall of sound sequences; and overall slowed
processing rate
Language Quality - Answer-The content, structure, and pragmatic social (everyday) use
of language
Graphic Organizers - Answer-Tools such as mind maps and outlines that allow students
to visualize their ideas
Cuing/Prompting - Answer-The use of cues that precede the desired behavior in time
and act as reminders of what is required
AAC - Answer-Augmentative and alternative communication. AAC devices provide
technological support for the language that the child has: Verbal or nonverbal/ gestural
modes of communication and alternative communication methods that bypass the oral
system of communication
RD - Answer-Reading Disability. This broad term is used to refer to many problems
associated with reading, including reading comprehension problems or hyperlexia, but
most often it refers to dyslexia
Dyslexia - Answer-A disorder of reading or decoding that is often accompanied by
spelling problems
Decoding - Answer-The process of translating visual symbols (letters) into auditory
equivalents (sounds and words) or the achievement of accurate and/or fluent word
recognition
Reading Comprehension - Answer-The ability to gain meaning from text that is read
(understanding or encoding)
Endowment - Answer-The abilities an individual is born with (congenital)
Heritability - Answer-The percentage of a characteristic that can be explained by
genetics
, fMRI - Answer-Functional magnetic response imaging. A type of neuroimaging
technology that is used to conduct assessments. An individual performs a test requiring
specific skills while undergoing an MRI, and the brain activity associated with
performing the task can be nonintrusively assessed.
SES - Answer-Socioeconomic status; that is, the economic class of an individual
Clinical Range - Answer-The level at which a child's disability is severe enough for the
child to be labeled and to receive services
Learned Helplessness - Answer-A condition in which individuals attribute their
successes to external factors (not to their own efforts) and their failures to their lack of
ability (not to lack of effort)
Antisocial - Answer-Against the social order (breaking social rules)
Sight Approach - Answer-A method of teaching reading that relies on visually based
retrieval (sometimes called the basal reading approach). Children are taught to
recognize and associate meanings with whole words or word pictures, often using high-
frequency grade-level words
Mathew Effect - Answer-The spreading of reading difficulties to other subject areas
(math problem solving) accompanied by a cyclical downward spiral of motivation
Fluency - Answer-The ability to read text accurately and quickly (automatically)
Context Cues - Answer-The meaning of words and pictures that surround unknown
words, which children may use to decode the unknown words and capture meaning
Visual errors in composition, and spelling - Answer-Students spell words exactly the
way they sound and not the way they look
Auditory Errors in Composition and Spelling - Answer-Errors in which the words within
sentences, sentences within paragraphs, and ideas within compositions are out of order
or poorly organized. Also, sounds, syllables, and words are missing or have omissions,
additions, substitutions, or ending errors (agreement, tense, plural, possessives)
Phonological Code System - Answer-A method of teaching children to read in which
they learn the visual letter symbols, their corresponding sounds, and their governing
rules in order to decode words and to spell
Mnemonics - Answer-Memory "tricks" such as acronyms, crazy phrases, or cartoons
that act as global or abbreviated cues and can be used to recall more complex and
detailed verbal information
