HESI Fundamentals Exam Practice
Questions
Which standards are important for the nurse to use in critical thinking? Select all that apply.
One, some, or all responses may be correct.
1 Specific
2 Fairness
3Relevant
4Confidence
5Independence - ✔✔Correct
1 Specific
3 Relevant
RATIONALE: The standards important for critical thinking are specific and relevant knowledge
about a task. Fairness, confidence, and independence are the attitudes required for critical
thinking.
A client with a disturbed state of mind is under observation. Which indicates the client is
suffering from dementia? Select all that apply.
1 Signs of depression
2 Difficulty making decisions
3 Continuously mentioning past failures
4 Inability to complete purposeful work
5 Disturbed sleep/wake cycle - ✔✔Correct
2 Difficulty making decisions
4 Inability to complete purposeful work
, RATIONALE: A client with dementia may not be able to make decisions because dementia
affects thinking ability. The client with dementia may suffer from apraxia, in which the client is
not able to perform purposeful work. In depression, the client will remain depressed but in
dementia, the mood is affected superficially. A client with depression may tell about his or her
failures, but in dementia, the client may or may not be able to recollect details of life. In
dementia, the sleep/wake cycle of the client is a bit fragmented, but in depression it is
completely disturbed.
During a health history, an older client reports having fallen three times in the past 6 months.
Which would the nurse ask to obtain other risk factors? - ✔✔Correct
Asking the client to walk across the room
RATIONALE: When a client reports more than two falls in 12 months, the nurse would obtain
further information to determine risk factors. Asking the client to walk across the room can
determine any abnormalities in the gait or loss of balance. The level of education is part of the
demographic information. The use of supplemental oxygen provides more information about
the client's respiratory system. The use of a call alert system indicates the client is maintaining
safety.
Which should the nurse include when teaching a client with Clostridium difficile about
decreasing the risk of transmission to family members? - ✔✔Correct
Soap and water for hand washing
RATIONALE: Alcohol does not kill C. difficile spores. Use of soap and water is more efficacious
than alcohol-based hand rubs. Increased fluids and increased fiber do not decrease the risk of
transmission of C. difficile.
Which disease increases the risk of hyperkalemia?
1 Crohn disease
2 Cushing disease
Correct 3 End-stage renal disease
4 Gastroesophageal reflux disease - ✔✔Correct
Questions
Which standards are important for the nurse to use in critical thinking? Select all that apply.
One, some, or all responses may be correct.
1 Specific
2 Fairness
3Relevant
4Confidence
5Independence - ✔✔Correct
1 Specific
3 Relevant
RATIONALE: The standards important for critical thinking are specific and relevant knowledge
about a task. Fairness, confidence, and independence are the attitudes required for critical
thinking.
A client with a disturbed state of mind is under observation. Which indicates the client is
suffering from dementia? Select all that apply.
1 Signs of depression
2 Difficulty making decisions
3 Continuously mentioning past failures
4 Inability to complete purposeful work
5 Disturbed sleep/wake cycle - ✔✔Correct
2 Difficulty making decisions
4 Inability to complete purposeful work
, RATIONALE: A client with dementia may not be able to make decisions because dementia
affects thinking ability. The client with dementia may suffer from apraxia, in which the client is
not able to perform purposeful work. In depression, the client will remain depressed but in
dementia, the mood is affected superficially. A client with depression may tell about his or her
failures, but in dementia, the client may or may not be able to recollect details of life. In
dementia, the sleep/wake cycle of the client is a bit fragmented, but in depression it is
completely disturbed.
During a health history, an older client reports having fallen three times in the past 6 months.
Which would the nurse ask to obtain other risk factors? - ✔✔Correct
Asking the client to walk across the room
RATIONALE: When a client reports more than two falls in 12 months, the nurse would obtain
further information to determine risk factors. Asking the client to walk across the room can
determine any abnormalities in the gait or loss of balance. The level of education is part of the
demographic information. The use of supplemental oxygen provides more information about
the client's respiratory system. The use of a call alert system indicates the client is maintaining
safety.
Which should the nurse include when teaching a client with Clostridium difficile about
decreasing the risk of transmission to family members? - ✔✔Correct
Soap and water for hand washing
RATIONALE: Alcohol does not kill C. difficile spores. Use of soap and water is more efficacious
than alcohol-based hand rubs. Increased fluids and increased fiber do not decrease the risk of
transmission of C. difficile.
Which disease increases the risk of hyperkalemia?
1 Crohn disease
2 Cushing disease
Correct 3 End-stage renal disease
4 Gastroesophageal reflux disease - ✔✔Correct
