When is a breast exam typically performed? - correct answer✔✔When the patient presents
with a specific breast complaint
Follow-up to an abnormal examination
Increased risk for breast cancer
Part of an overall health visit for both women and men
Breast examination includes: - correct answer✔✔Examination of the axillae
Relevant lymph node chains
What is the major focus of the breast exam in adults? - correct answer✔✔identification of
breast masses, skin, or vascular changes that could indicate malignancy
What is the major focus of the breast exam in children? - correct answer✔✔Tanner staging
How is the breast divided for purposes of examination? - correct answer✔✔Five segments (for
examination purposes): four quadrants and tail
Upper outer quadrant: greatest amount of glandular tissue
Upper inner quadrant
Lower inner quadrant
Lower outer quadrant
Tail of Spence
Anatomy of the nipple - correct answer✔✔Located centrally on the breast and surrounded by
the pigmented areola
Epithelium infiltrated with smooth muscle fibers
Lactiferous ducts empty onto nipple
, Contraction of the smooth muscle, induced by tactile, sensory, or autonomic stimuli, produces
erection of the nipple and causes the lactiferous ducts to empty
Sebaceous glands (Montgomery tubercles) on areola
Lymphatic network of the breast - correct answer✔✔Drains breast radially and deeply to
underlying lymphatics
Superficial lymphatics drain skin
Deep lymphatics drain mammary lobules
Complex of axillary lymph nodes
Axillary lymph nodes - correct answer✔✔Anterior axillary (pectoral) nodes
Midaxillary (central) nodes
Posterior axillary (subscapular) nodes
Lateral axillary (brachial) nodes
Breast development in children and adolescents - correct answer✔✔Latent phase in children
and preadolescence
Thelarche (breast development) early sign of puberty in adolescent girls
Tanner sexual maturity rating system to stage breast development
Breasts develop at different rates in individuals and may result in asymmetry
Tanner 1 - correct answer✔✔Preadolescent
Only the nipple is raised above the level of the breast, as in the child
Tanner 2 - correct answer✔✔Budding stage, bud-shaped elevation of the areola
Tanner 3 - correct answer✔✔Breast and areola enlarged
with a specific breast complaint
Follow-up to an abnormal examination
Increased risk for breast cancer
Part of an overall health visit for both women and men
Breast examination includes: - correct answer✔✔Examination of the axillae
Relevant lymph node chains
What is the major focus of the breast exam in adults? - correct answer✔✔identification of
breast masses, skin, or vascular changes that could indicate malignancy
What is the major focus of the breast exam in children? - correct answer✔✔Tanner staging
How is the breast divided for purposes of examination? - correct answer✔✔Five segments (for
examination purposes): four quadrants and tail
Upper outer quadrant: greatest amount of glandular tissue
Upper inner quadrant
Lower inner quadrant
Lower outer quadrant
Tail of Spence
Anatomy of the nipple - correct answer✔✔Located centrally on the breast and surrounded by
the pigmented areola
Epithelium infiltrated with smooth muscle fibers
Lactiferous ducts empty onto nipple
, Contraction of the smooth muscle, induced by tactile, sensory, or autonomic stimuli, produces
erection of the nipple and causes the lactiferous ducts to empty
Sebaceous glands (Montgomery tubercles) on areola
Lymphatic network of the breast - correct answer✔✔Drains breast radially and deeply to
underlying lymphatics
Superficial lymphatics drain skin
Deep lymphatics drain mammary lobules
Complex of axillary lymph nodes
Axillary lymph nodes - correct answer✔✔Anterior axillary (pectoral) nodes
Midaxillary (central) nodes
Posterior axillary (subscapular) nodes
Lateral axillary (brachial) nodes
Breast development in children and adolescents - correct answer✔✔Latent phase in children
and preadolescence
Thelarche (breast development) early sign of puberty in adolescent girls
Tanner sexual maturity rating system to stage breast development
Breasts develop at different rates in individuals and may result in asymmetry
Tanner 1 - correct answer✔✔Preadolescent
Only the nipple is raised above the level of the breast, as in the child
Tanner 2 - correct answer✔✔Budding stage, bud-shaped elevation of the areola
Tanner 3 - correct answer✔✔Breast and areola enlarged
