NURS 618 Module 1 Test Bank Questions with verified ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
detailed answers ||\\//||
Terms in this set (127) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Original
Nurse practitioner prescriptive authority is regulated by:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| The ||\\//|| National Council of State Boards of Nursing ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| The ||\\//|| U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| The ||\\//|| State Board of Nursing for each state ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| The ||\\//|| State Board of Pharmacy ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. The State Board of Nursing for each state
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The benefits to the patient of having an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
prescriber include: ||\\//||
1. Nurses know more about Pharmacology than other prescribers because they take it both
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
in their basic nursing program and in their APRN program.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Nurses care for the patient from a holistic approach and include the patient in decision
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
making regarding their care. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. APRNs are less likely to prescribe narcotics and other controlled substances.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. APRNs are able to prescribe independently in all states, whereas a physician's assistant
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
needs to have a physician supervising their practice.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Nurses care for the patient from a holistic approach and include the patient in decision
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
making regarding their care. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Clinical judgment in prescribing includes: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Factoring in the cost to the patient of the medication prescribed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Always prescribing the newest medication available for the disease process
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,3. Handing out drug samples to poor patients
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Prescribing all generic medications to cut costs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Factoring in the cost to the patient of the medication prescribed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Criteria for choosing an effective drug for a disorder include:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Asking the patient what drug they think would work best for them
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Consulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Prescribing medications that are available as samples before writing a prescription ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Following U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration guidelines for prescribing ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Consulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Nurse practitioner practice may thrive under health-care reform because of:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. The demonstrated ability of nurse practitioners to control costs and improve patient
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
outcomes
2. The fact that nurse practitioners will be able to practice independently
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. The fact that nurse practitioners will have full reimbursement under healthcare reform
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. The ability to shift accountability for Medicaid to the state level
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. The demonstrated ability of nurse practitioners to control costs and improve patient
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
outcomes
A patient's nutritional intake and laboratory results reflect hypoalbuminemia. This is critical
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to prescribing because:
||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Distribution of drugs to target tissue may be affected. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| The solubility of the drug will not match the site of absorption.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| There will be less free drug available to generate an effect.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Drugs bound to albumin are readily excreted by the kidneys.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Distribution of drugs to target tissue may be affected.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Must be given by the enteral (oral) route only
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Bypass the hepatic circulation ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Are converted by the liver to more active and fat-soluble forms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be the:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Kidneys
2. ||\\//|| Lungs
3. ||\\//|| Bile and feces ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Skin
2. Lungs
||\\//||
Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed intramuscularly (IM) to create a storage ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
reservoir of the drug. Storage reservoirs: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Assure that the drug will reach its intended target tissue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Are the reason for giving loading doses
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Increase the length of time a drug is available and active ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Are most common in collagen tissues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Increase the length of time a drug is available and active
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The NP chooses to give cephalexin every 8 hours based on knowledge of the drug's:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Propensity to go to the target receptor ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Biological half-life ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Pharmacodynamics
4. ||\\//|| Safety and side effects ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Biological half-life
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Azithromycin dosing requires that the first day's dosage be twice those of the other 4 days ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of the prescription. This is considered a loading dose. A loading dose:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Requires four- to five-half-lives to attain ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Is influenced by renal function
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Is directly related to the drug circulating to the target tissues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
therapeutic effect is the: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Minimum adverse effect level
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, 2. Peak of action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Onset of action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Onset of action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Phenytoin requires that a trough level be drawn. Peak and trough levels are done:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| When the drug has a wide therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| When the drug will be administered for a short time only
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| When there is a high correlation between the dose and saturation of receptor sites
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| To determine if a drug is in the therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. To determine if a drug is in the therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
A laboratory result indicates that the peak level for a drug is above the minimum toxic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
concentration. This means that the: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Concentration will produce therapeutic effects ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Concentration will produce an adverse response ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Time between doses must be shortened
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Duration of action of the drug is too long ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Concentration will produce an adverse response
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property?
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Irreversible binding to the drug receptor site ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Upregulation with chronic use ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Desensitization or downregulation with continuous use ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Inverse relationship between drug concentration and drug action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Desensitization or downregulation with continuous use
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Drugs that are receptor antagonists, such as beta blockers, may cause:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Downregulation of the drug receptor ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| An exaggerated response if abruptly discontinued
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Partial blockade of the effects of agonist drugs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| An exaggerated response to competitive drug agonists
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. An exaggerated response if abruptly discontinued
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
detailed answers ||\\//||
Terms in this set (127) ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Original
Nurse practitioner prescriptive authority is regulated by:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| The ||\\//|| National Council of State Boards of Nursing ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| The ||\\//|| U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| The ||\\//|| State Board of Nursing for each state ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| The ||\\//|| State Board of Pharmacy ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. The State Board of Nursing for each state
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The benefits to the patient of having an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
prescriber include: ||\\//||
1. Nurses know more about Pharmacology than other prescribers because they take it both
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
in their basic nursing program and in their APRN program.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Nurses care for the patient from a holistic approach and include the patient in decision
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
making regarding their care. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. APRNs are less likely to prescribe narcotics and other controlled substances.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. APRNs are able to prescribe independently in all states, whereas a physician's assistant
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
needs to have a physician supervising their practice.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Nurses care for the patient from a holistic approach and include the patient in decision
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
making regarding their care. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Clinical judgment in prescribing includes: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Factoring in the cost to the patient of the medication prescribed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Always prescribing the newest medication available for the disease process
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,3. Handing out drug samples to poor patients
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Prescribing all generic medications to cut costs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Factoring in the cost to the patient of the medication prescribed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Criteria for choosing an effective drug for a disorder include:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Asking the patient what drug they think would work best for them
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Consulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Prescribing medications that are available as samples before writing a prescription ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Following U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration guidelines for prescribing ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Consulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Nurse practitioner practice may thrive under health-care reform because of:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. The demonstrated ability of nurse practitioners to control costs and improve patient
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
outcomes
2. The fact that nurse practitioners will be able to practice independently
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. The fact that nurse practitioners will have full reimbursement under healthcare reform
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. The ability to shift accountability for Medicaid to the state level
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. The demonstrated ability of nurse practitioners to control costs and improve patient
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
outcomes
A patient's nutritional intake and laboratory results reflect hypoalbuminemia. This is critical
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
to prescribing because:
||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Distribution of drugs to target tissue may be affected. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| The solubility of the drug will not match the site of absorption.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| There will be less free drug available to generate an effect.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Drugs bound to albumin are readily excreted by the kidneys.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Distribution of drugs to target tissue may be affected.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Must be given by the enteral (oral) route only
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Bypass the hepatic circulation ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Are converted by the liver to more active and fat-soluble forms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be the:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Kidneys
2. ||\\//|| Lungs
3. ||\\//|| Bile and feces ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Skin
2. Lungs
||\\//||
Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed intramuscularly (IM) to create a storage ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
reservoir of the drug. Storage reservoirs: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Assure that the drug will reach its intended target tissue
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Are the reason for giving loading doses
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Increase the length of time a drug is available and active ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Are most common in collagen tissues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Increase the length of time a drug is available and active
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The NP chooses to give cephalexin every 8 hours based on knowledge of the drug's:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Propensity to go to the target receptor ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Biological half-life ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Pharmacodynamics
4. ||\\//|| Safety and side effects ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Biological half-life
||\\//|| ||\\//||
Azithromycin dosing requires that the first day's dosage be twice those of the other 4 days ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
of the prescription. This is considered a loading dose. A loading dose:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Requires four- to five-half-lives to attain ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Is influenced by renal function
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Is directly related to the drug circulating to the target tissues
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Rapidly achieves drug levels in the therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
therapeutic effect is the: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. Minimum adverse effect level
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
, 2. Peak of action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Onset of action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. Therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Onset of action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Phenytoin requires that a trough level be drawn. Peak and trough levels are done:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| When the drug has a wide therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| When the drug will be administered for a short time only
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| When there is a high correlation between the dose and saturation of receptor sites
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| To determine if a drug is in the therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. To determine if a drug is in the therapeutic range
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
A laboratory result indicates that the peak level for a drug is above the minimum toxic
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
concentration. This means that the: ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Concentration will produce therapeutic effects ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Concentration will produce an adverse response ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Time between doses must be shortened
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Duration of action of the drug is too long ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. Concentration will produce an adverse response
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property?
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Irreversible binding to the drug receptor site ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| Upregulation with chronic use ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Desensitization or downregulation with continuous use ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| Inverse relationship between drug concentration and drug action
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. Desensitization or downregulation with continuous use
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Drugs that are receptor antagonists, such as beta blockers, may cause:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
1. ||\\//|| Downregulation of the drug receptor ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. ||\\//|| An exaggerated response if abruptly discontinued
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
3. ||\\//|| Partial blockade of the effects of agonist drugs
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
4. ||\\//|| An exaggerated response to competitive drug agonists
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
2. An exaggerated response if abruptly discontinued
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
