Test Bank for Evolution Making Sense of Life 3rd Edition By Douglas Emlen, Carl Zimmer All 1-18 Chapters Covered ,Latest Edition,

, Test Bank, Chapter 1 qy qy qy




1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
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(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation t
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o the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive succe
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ss and passed the trait to their offspring
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(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
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(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes t
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o accommodate lower oxygen levels
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(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
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2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
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(a) are homologous traits
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(b) arose through convergent evolution
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(c) are the result of natural selection
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(d) b and c are correct
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(e) all are correct
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3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
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(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
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(b) are homologous traits
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(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans an
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d whales
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(d) all are correct
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(e) none are correct qy qy




4. Based on current fossil evidence:
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(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
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like teeth or baleen
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(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
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(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
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of extinct land mammals
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(d) a and c are correct
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(e) b and c are correct
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5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
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Indohyus to cetaceans is:
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(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
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(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
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(c) the lack of hindlegs
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(d) peg-like teeth qy

,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
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(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales
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(b) DNA evidence qy


(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
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of time in the water
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(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all of the above
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7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
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term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
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(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
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(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food f
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or animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
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(c) changes in sea temperature qy qy qy


(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
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(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
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8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve s
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o rapidly:
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(a) they have a high mutation rate
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(b) they have a high replication rate
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(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
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(d) none of the above qy qy qy


(e) all of the above
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9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of dru
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g resistance in a virus:
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(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
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(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might
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be resistant qy


(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becomin
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g resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against t
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his virion qy


(d) all of the above
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10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strai
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n would be inaccurate if:
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(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages
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(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
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(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
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(d) none of the above qy qy qy

, 11. New mutations: qy




(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
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(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
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(c) are rare in a population
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(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all are correct
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12. Evolution occurs when: qy qy




(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment
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(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from o
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ne generation to the next
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(c) a and b are both correct
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(d) Neither a or b is correct qy qy qy qy qy




Short answer/essay.
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1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetacean
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s that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
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1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are the
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n stop growing.
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2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sen
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se if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
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3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiod
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actyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hin
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dlimbs.

2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinc
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t whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
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Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotope
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s have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutro
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ns (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate
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more heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thu
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s, by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil
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whales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiti
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ng freshwater or seawater environments, scientists were able to determi
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ne whether extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
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