7/9/2020 Untitled Document
Sullivanch01-Essentials of Biostatistics in Public Health, 3e
1 A subset of the population of interest is often referred to by
what statistical term?
A sample of individuals
A subculture of individuals
A class of individuals
A minority group
2 The measure of uncertainty in a biostatistician's calculation of
a particular outcome that may result from using a subset of
the population to estimate the actual likelihood of the event
occurring in the population as a whole is referred to by what
statistical term?
M
A chance error
A systematic error
A standard error
A margin of error
ED
3 Which of the following most appropriately describes how the
data from a cross-sectional study can be applied to a
population?
The data generated from a cross-sectional study can be
ST
applied to new or changing populations regardless of the
amount of time that has passed since the study was
conducted.
The data generated from a cross-sectional study is only
applicable to the original population of interest during the
U
time that the study was conducted.
The data generated from a cross-sectional study is
applicable to any group of individuals with similar
D
characteristics to the original population of interest.
The data generated from a cross-sectional study is
applicable to all individuals regardless of how much those
Y
individuals differ from the original population of interest.
4 Researchers have conducted a study and determined that the
relative risk for developing a cold for individuals taking
vitamin C is 0.47 when compared to the number of
participants in the study who developed a cold while not
taking vitamin C. This is an indication of which of the
following?
This indicates that people who took vitamin C were 47%
more likely to catch a cold and that taking vitamin C makes
people more susceptible to catching a cold.
This indicates that the individuals taking vitamin C were
47% less likely to catch a cold and that taking vitamin C has
a protective effect, making them less likely to catch a cold.
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,7/9/2020 Untitled Document
This indicates that the individuals taking vitamin C were
53% less likely to catch a cold and that taking vitamin C has
a protective effect, making them less likely to catch a cold.
Only relative risk ratios above one are statistically
significant, a relative risk ratio below one indicates there is no
difference between the individuals who take vitamin C and
those individuals who do not.
5 Which is the most important factor in determining which
populations a well-designed study's results can be applied to?
The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study
The randomization of participants for a study
The type of study being conducted
The presence of blinding throughout the study
6 True or False? Biostatistics is defined as the application of
M
statistical principles in medicine, public health, or biology.
True
False
ED
7 True or False? The data collected in a biostatistics study can
be applied to any population regardless of race, class, and
socioeconomic status.
ST
True
False
U
8 True or False? A relative risk of 5.67 indicates that the group
of individuals in a study exposed to the particular variable of
interest are 5.67 times more likely to experience the observed
D
outcome being studied.
True
False
Y
9 True or False? Oftentimes it is more difficult to establish a
relationship between a particular disease outcome and a risk
factor among older adults because they also have other risk
factors for disease.
True
False
10 True or False? Randomization of clinical trial participants is
important to ensure that clinical trial participants in the
treatment group and comparator group allow the study's
results to be generalized to the population as a whole, and
not just the subgroup of individuals that participated in the
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,7/9/2020 Untitled Document
study because of the balance promoted through the
randomization process.
True
False
M
ED
ST
U
D
Y
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Sullivanch02-Essentials of Biostatistics in Public Health, 3e
1 The minimization of bias and confounding in clinical trials is
obtained through the use of which of the following?
Screening of study participants during recruitment to
eliminate variation among participants
The establishment of stringent inclusion criteria ensuring
participants that are all similar
The elimination of variation through the establishment of
detailed exclusion criteria
Randomization of study participants to make groups
comparable in all respects
2 A researcher is interested in determining the current
M
prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. Which
type of study would be most useful in estimating the
prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States?
A nested cohort study
ED
A cross-sectional survey
A randomized clinical trial
A case-crossover study
3 A number of patients have been admitted to a particular
ST
hospital with similar symptoms and the cause of the illness is
unknown. Which type of study design would be most helpful
in determining the cause of the illness?
A randomized trial
A case series
U
A retrospective cohort
A case-control study
D
4 Misclassification bias is most likely to be observed in which
study type?
Y
A randomized control trial
A cross-sectional survey
A prospective cohort
A case-control study
5 A novice researcher noted that during summertime there is a
positive association between the increase in ice cream sales
and the increase in the number of drownings; however, there
is no logical explanation for why ice cream sales would be
responsible for the increased incidence of drowning. What
phenomenon likely explains this type of observation?
Placebo effect
Concurrency
Confounding
Misclassification Bias
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Sullivanch01-Essentials of Biostatistics in Public Health, 3e
1 A subset of the population of interest is often referred to by
what statistical term?
A sample of individuals
A subculture of individuals
A class of individuals
A minority group
2 The measure of uncertainty in a biostatistician's calculation of
a particular outcome that may result from using a subset of
the population to estimate the actual likelihood of the event
occurring in the population as a whole is referred to by what
statistical term?
M
A chance error
A systematic error
A standard error
A margin of error
ED
3 Which of the following most appropriately describes how the
data from a cross-sectional study can be applied to a
population?
The data generated from a cross-sectional study can be
ST
applied to new or changing populations regardless of the
amount of time that has passed since the study was
conducted.
The data generated from a cross-sectional study is only
applicable to the original population of interest during the
U
time that the study was conducted.
The data generated from a cross-sectional study is
applicable to any group of individuals with similar
D
characteristics to the original population of interest.
The data generated from a cross-sectional study is
applicable to all individuals regardless of how much those
Y
individuals differ from the original population of interest.
4 Researchers have conducted a study and determined that the
relative risk for developing a cold for individuals taking
vitamin C is 0.47 when compared to the number of
participants in the study who developed a cold while not
taking vitamin C. This is an indication of which of the
following?
This indicates that people who took vitamin C were 47%
more likely to catch a cold and that taking vitamin C makes
people more susceptible to catching a cold.
This indicates that the individuals taking vitamin C were
47% less likely to catch a cold and that taking vitamin C has
a protective effect, making them less likely to catch a cold.
localhost/viewquestions_new2.php?cat=34&button=Submit 1/3
,7/9/2020 Untitled Document
This indicates that the individuals taking vitamin C were
53% less likely to catch a cold and that taking vitamin C has
a protective effect, making them less likely to catch a cold.
Only relative risk ratios above one are statistically
significant, a relative risk ratio below one indicates there is no
difference between the individuals who take vitamin C and
those individuals who do not.
5 Which is the most important factor in determining which
populations a well-designed study's results can be applied to?
The inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study
The randomization of participants for a study
The type of study being conducted
The presence of blinding throughout the study
6 True or False? Biostatistics is defined as the application of
M
statistical principles in medicine, public health, or biology.
True
False
ED
7 True or False? The data collected in a biostatistics study can
be applied to any population regardless of race, class, and
socioeconomic status.
ST
True
False
U
8 True or False? A relative risk of 5.67 indicates that the group
of individuals in a study exposed to the particular variable of
interest are 5.67 times more likely to experience the observed
D
outcome being studied.
True
False
Y
9 True or False? Oftentimes it is more difficult to establish a
relationship between a particular disease outcome and a risk
factor among older adults because they also have other risk
factors for disease.
True
False
10 True or False? Randomization of clinical trial participants is
important to ensure that clinical trial participants in the
treatment group and comparator group allow the study's
results to be generalized to the population as a whole, and
not just the subgroup of individuals that participated in the
localhost/viewquestions_new2.php?cat=34&button=Submit 2/3
,7/9/2020 Untitled Document
study because of the balance promoted through the
randomization process.
True
False
M
ED
ST
U
D
Y
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, 7/9/2020 Untitled Document
Sullivanch02-Essentials of Biostatistics in Public Health, 3e
1 The minimization of bias and confounding in clinical trials is
obtained through the use of which of the following?
Screening of study participants during recruitment to
eliminate variation among participants
The establishment of stringent inclusion criteria ensuring
participants that are all similar
The elimination of variation through the establishment of
detailed exclusion criteria
Randomization of study participants to make groups
comparable in all respects
2 A researcher is interested in determining the current
M
prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. Which
type of study would be most useful in estimating the
prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in the United States?
A nested cohort study
ED
A cross-sectional survey
A randomized clinical trial
A case-crossover study
3 A number of patients have been admitted to a particular
ST
hospital with similar symptoms and the cause of the illness is
unknown. Which type of study design would be most helpful
in determining the cause of the illness?
A randomized trial
A case series
U
A retrospective cohort
A case-control study
D
4 Misclassification bias is most likely to be observed in which
study type?
Y
A randomized control trial
A cross-sectional survey
A prospective cohort
A case-control study
5 A novice researcher noted that during summertime there is a
positive association between the increase in ice cream sales
and the increase in the number of drownings; however, there
is no logical explanation for why ice cream sales would be
responsible for the increased incidence of drowning. What
phenomenon likely explains this type of observation?
Placebo effect
Concurrency
Confounding
Misclassification Bias
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