FRHD 3070 FINAL EXAM UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
What is a needs assessment? - ANS A systematic approach to identifying social problems,
determining their extent, and accurately defining the target population to be served and the
nature of their service needs
What are the 4 conceptualizations of need? - ANS 1. Normative - there is an objective
standard or criterion
2. Perceived - what people think or feel their needs are
3. Expressed - relies on "demand stats"
4. Relative - measured by gap between level of services in one community and those in similar
communities
What is a resource inventory? - ANS A compilation of services available to 1 or more target
groups, usually in a specific geographical area
*Getting a sense of what exists
A rationale is the relationship between _________ and ________ - ANS Use; need
What barriers to service use do we need to consider? - ANS - Availability - does it exist?
- Awareness - do you know about it?
- Accessibility - if it is available, do you have access?
- Acceptability - are people satisfied?
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What are periodic measurements designed to track? - ANS The course of a social condition
over time
What is prevalence? - ANS The number of existing cases within a particular condition in a
specified area during a specified time period
What is incidence? - ANS The number of new cases in a specified area during a specified time
period
About _____% of the population rate their mental health as excellent or good - ANS 90%
What is a social area analysis via geographical mapping? - ANS Showing statistical
information on maps to location concentrations of high-risk groups
What is an example of geographical mapping? - ANS - Crime hot spots in Toronto
- Obesity trends in the USA
Geographical mapping allows us to apply __________ to different pockets and have a
__________ depiction - ANS Statistics; visual
Define synthetic estimation - ANS Estimating a characteristic for a small area from data for a
larger population
- looking at national stats and applying it to local data
What is an example of synthetic estimation? - ANS An estimate of the number of births for
the student body for 1 year. We must look at married vs. single, and age range in order to figure
out what percent of students are in need. It is also necessary to look at national statistics
Define risk factor analysis - ANS Choosing special indicators based on their ability to predict
problems or use of services at the individual level
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What is an example of risk factor analysis - ANS Going out into the community and getting a
sense of the risk factors and looking at their prevalence to determine a need
- ex. relationship btwn unemployment and frequency of psychological problems
OR physical activity is the risk factor for chronic illness
We choose _____________ ____________ based on their ability to predict ________________
or use of services at the individual level - ANS Social indicators; problems
Define community forum - ANS An open meeting at which concerned community members
can discuss relevant issues
What are some types of surveys used in community forums? - ANS - client satisfaction
- key informant
- community
What is a nominal group? - ANS A method for structuring small group meetings to generate
ideas, identify problems, explore solutions, and set priorities
*asks one key question (focus groups ask multiple)
Nominal groups _______________ dominant people - ANS Neutralize
Which format is best for nominal groups? - ANS U = opportunity to walk about and facilitate
interaction
When do nominal groups produce results? - ANS Immediately
Give an example of a topic that may be discussed at a nominal group - ANS In your opinion,
what are the key components that should be included in a high school sexual health
curriculum?
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, List the steps (5) in a nominal group - ANS 1. Intro and opening statements - ask the question
2. Writing ideas (independently)
3. Record ideas (round robin)
4. Clarifying ideas (conceptualize)
5. Voting
6. Researchers collect all 5 cards from each participant and create a table
What is the delphi technique? - ANS An approach that uses a series of questionnaires to
aggregate the knowledge, judgments, or opinions of experts
What does the delphi technique use? - ANS Iterations of surveys
What are some PROS and CONS of the delphi technique? - ANS PRO: accurate data with low
variability (outliers more inept to change their minds)
CON: influence/pressure respondents to change their answers, time consuming
Whatever approach you use, you need to do _____________ _____________ - ANS Multiple
rounds
What are the steps in the delphi technique? - ANS - develop the questionnaire (pilot study,
look at literature)
- distribute round 1 of questionnaire (100)
- analysis of round 1 (calculate mean, median, IQR for each item)
- distribute round 2 of questionnaires to same folk
- analysis of round 2 (descriptive stats, reasons)
- distribute round 3 of questionnaires
- continue process until narrowness or no revisions in the IR
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS.
What is a needs assessment? - ANS A systematic approach to identifying social problems,
determining their extent, and accurately defining the target population to be served and the
nature of their service needs
What are the 4 conceptualizations of need? - ANS 1. Normative - there is an objective
standard or criterion
2. Perceived - what people think or feel their needs are
3. Expressed - relies on "demand stats"
4. Relative - measured by gap between level of services in one community and those in similar
communities
What is a resource inventory? - ANS A compilation of services available to 1 or more target
groups, usually in a specific geographical area
*Getting a sense of what exists
A rationale is the relationship between _________ and ________ - ANS Use; need
What barriers to service use do we need to consider? - ANS - Availability - does it exist?
- Awareness - do you know about it?
- Accessibility - if it is available, do you have access?
- Acceptability - are people satisfied?
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What are periodic measurements designed to track? - ANS The course of a social condition
over time
What is prevalence? - ANS The number of existing cases within a particular condition in a
specified area during a specified time period
What is incidence? - ANS The number of new cases in a specified area during a specified time
period
About _____% of the population rate their mental health as excellent or good - ANS 90%
What is a social area analysis via geographical mapping? - ANS Showing statistical
information on maps to location concentrations of high-risk groups
What is an example of geographical mapping? - ANS - Crime hot spots in Toronto
- Obesity trends in the USA
Geographical mapping allows us to apply __________ to different pockets and have a
__________ depiction - ANS Statistics; visual
Define synthetic estimation - ANS Estimating a characteristic for a small area from data for a
larger population
- looking at national stats and applying it to local data
What is an example of synthetic estimation? - ANS An estimate of the number of births for
the student body for 1 year. We must look at married vs. single, and age range in order to figure
out what percent of students are in need. It is also necessary to look at national statistics
Define risk factor analysis - ANS Choosing special indicators based on their ability to predict
problems or use of services at the individual level
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,What is an example of risk factor analysis - ANS Going out into the community and getting a
sense of the risk factors and looking at their prevalence to determine a need
- ex. relationship btwn unemployment and frequency of psychological problems
OR physical activity is the risk factor for chronic illness
We choose _____________ ____________ based on their ability to predict ________________
or use of services at the individual level - ANS Social indicators; problems
Define community forum - ANS An open meeting at which concerned community members
can discuss relevant issues
What are some types of surveys used in community forums? - ANS - client satisfaction
- key informant
- community
What is a nominal group? - ANS A method for structuring small group meetings to generate
ideas, identify problems, explore solutions, and set priorities
*asks one key question (focus groups ask multiple)
Nominal groups _______________ dominant people - ANS Neutralize
Which format is best for nominal groups? - ANS U = opportunity to walk about and facilitate
interaction
When do nominal groups produce results? - ANS Immediately
Give an example of a topic that may be discussed at a nominal group - ANS In your opinion,
what are the key components that should be included in a high school sexual health
curriculum?
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, List the steps (5) in a nominal group - ANS 1. Intro and opening statements - ask the question
2. Writing ideas (independently)
3. Record ideas (round robin)
4. Clarifying ideas (conceptualize)
5. Voting
6. Researchers collect all 5 cards from each participant and create a table
What is the delphi technique? - ANS An approach that uses a series of questionnaires to
aggregate the knowledge, judgments, or opinions of experts
What does the delphi technique use? - ANS Iterations of surveys
What are some PROS and CONS of the delphi technique? - ANS PRO: accurate data with low
variability (outliers more inept to change their minds)
CON: influence/pressure respondents to change their answers, time consuming
Whatever approach you use, you need to do _____________ _____________ - ANS Multiple
rounds
What are the steps in the delphi technique? - ANS - develop the questionnaire (pilot study,
look at literature)
- distribute round 1 of questionnaire (100)
- analysis of round 1 (calculate mean, median, IQR for each item)
- distribute round 2 of questionnaires to same folk
- analysis of round 2 (descriptive stats, reasons)
- distribute round 3 of questionnaires
- continue process until narrowness or no revisions in the IR
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
