Crousillac study review exam solution
light-dependentireactioni-
ihappensiONLYiinidaytime,ioccursiinithylakoidimembraneib/
cithat'siwhereichlorophylliisilocated,
oxygenireleasediasiby-product
H2Oi+iNADP+i+iADPi=>iO2i+iNADPHi+iATP
whatiisirequirediforitheilightidependentireaction?i-iwateriandisunlight
flowiofielectronsiinilightidependentireactioni-
i wateri→iPS2i→iPS1i→iNADPiproductsiofilightidependentireactioni-
i ATPi&iNADPH
light-independentireactioni(CalviniCycle)i-
ihappensi24/7iandioccursiinitheistroma iCO2i+iATPi+iNADPHi+iH2Oi=>iC6H
12O6i+iADPi+iNADP+
inputsiofilight-independentireactioni-
i CO2,iATP,iNADPHioutputiofilight-independentireactioni-
i glucose
photosynthesisi-
itransforms ilightienergyitrappedibyichloroplastsiintoichemicalibondienergyi
andistoresithatienergyiinisugariandiotheriorganicimolecules
whatitypeiofichemicalireactioniisiphotosynthesisi-
i endergonicistomatai-
i tinyiholesithatiallowiwateri&iCO2itoienteritheileaf
vascularibundlei-
,i likeiaiveiniforiaileaf,icarriesiwateriandisugarithroughoutitheiplant
mesophyllicellsi-
i foundiinitheimiddleiofitheileaf,icontainichloroplastsicuticlei-
i waxyilayerisurroundingitheileafithatisealsiwateriin
, theishorteritheiwavelength....i-itheihigheritheienergy
chemiosmosisi-
iInitheithylakoid,iasielectronsimoveidownitheielectronitransportichain,iproto
nsi(H+)iareipumped,iagainstitheiriconcentrationigradient,itoioneisideiofithei
thylakoidimembrane.iAsitheyidiffuseitoitheiotheriside,itheyiactivateianienzy
meicallediATPisynthaseithatiisiuseditoimakeiATP.
energyireleasedifromielectronsiiniETCiuseditoiactivelyitransportiprotonsiint
oithylakoid,ibuildsigradient
siteiofiphotosynthesisi-ichloroplasts
chlorophylli-igreenipigmentithatigivesiaileafiitsicolor
responsibleiforitheiabsorptioniofitheilightienergyithatidrivesiphotosynthesi
silocatediinithylakoidimembrane
thylakoidi-iflattenedimembranousisaciinsideitheichloroplast
stromai-ifluid-
filledispaceioutsideitheithylakoidsiwithinitheichloroplastiaccessoryipigm
entsi-icarotenoidsiandiphycocyanins
pigmentsi-isubstancesithatiabsorbivisibleilight
photosystemsi-
iassemblies iwhichiturnilightienergyiintoichemicalienergyiinitheithylakoidim
embranes
Whatiisitheipurposeiofihavingitwoiphotosystemsiinitheilight-
dependentireactions?i-iTheitwoigenerateidifferentienergyicarriers
Whenilessiwateriisiavailableiduringiaidrought,iwhyiisitheirateiofiphotosynthesi
siiniplantsireduced?i-iFewerielectronsiareiarounditoifuelitheiETC
chemiosmosis:iATPisynthesisi-
ikeepsiH+iconcentrationihighiinsideithylakoid,idiffusesioutitoimakeiATP