Test Bank for Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition by Brian Walsh, ISBN: 9780323793094, All 42 Chapters Covered with Answers and Rationales

TEST BANK n




NEONATAL & PEDIATRIC
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nRESPIRATORY CARE n




5th Edition, Walsh
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TEST BANK n

,Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care, 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank
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Table of Contents
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Chapter 1. Fetal Lung Development
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Chapter 2. Fetal Gas Exchange and Circulation
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Chapter 3. Antenatal Assessment and High-Risk Delivery
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Chapter 4. Examination and Assessment of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 5. Pulmonary Function Testing and Bedside Pulmonary Mechanics
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Chapter 6. Radiographic Assessment
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Chapter 7. Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy
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Chapter 8. Invasive Blood Gas Analysis and Cardiovascular Monitoring
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Chapter 9. Noninvasive Monitoring in Neonatal and Pediatric Care
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Chapter 10. Oxygen Administration
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Chapter 11. Aerosols and Administration of Inhaled Medications
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Chapter 12. Airway Clearance Techniques and Hyperinflation Therapy
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Chapter 13. Airway Management
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Chapter 14. Surfactant Replacement Therapy
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Chapter 15. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Continuous Positive Pressure of the Neonate
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Chapter 16. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Infant and Child
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Chapter 17. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonate and Pediatric Patient
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Chapter 18. Administration of Gas Mixtures
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Chapter 19. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
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Chapter 20. Pharmacology
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Chapter 21. Thoracic Organ Transplantation
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Chapter 22. Neonatal Pulmonary Disorders
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Chapter 23. Surgical Disorders in Childhood that Affect Respiratory Care
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Chapter 24. Congenital Cardiac Defects
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Chapter 25. Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing
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Chapter 26. Pediatric Airway Disorders and Parenchymal Lung Diseases
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Chapter 27. Asthma
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Chapter 28. Cystic Fibrosis
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Chapter 29. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Chapter 30. Shock
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Chapter 31. Pediatric Trauma
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Chapter 32. Disorders of the Pleura
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Chapter 33. Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders
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Chapter 34. Pediatric Emergencies
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Chapter 35. Home Care of the Postpartum Family
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Chapter 36. Quality and Safety
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,Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development
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Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE n




1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation
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of a capillary network around airway passages?
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a. Pseudoglandular
b. Saccular
c. Alveolar
d. Canalicular
ANS: D n


The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17
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weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular
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channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air
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passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16
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of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system
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develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which
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takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that
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later become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas-
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exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar
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stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage
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is represented by the establishment of alveoli.
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REF: pp. 3-5 n n




2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will
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be present in the lungs for life develop?
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a. 6 months n


b. 1 year n


c. 1.5 years n


d. 2 years n




ANS: C n


Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life.
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At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of
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age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli
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continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed.
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REF: p. 6 n n




3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal
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stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop?
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, a. Embryonal
b. Saccular
c. Canalicular
d. Alveolar
ANS: A n


The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in
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development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or
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stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an
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abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can
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develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase
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(i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately
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developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar
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type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress
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syndrome.
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REF: n n p. 6 n




4. Which of the following mechanisms is (are) responsible for the possible association between
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noligohydramnios and lung hypoplasia? n n n




I. Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism n n



II. Mechanical restriction of the chest wall n n n n n


III. Interference with fetal breathing n n n



IV. Failure to produce fetal lung liquid n n n n n


a. I and III only
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b. II and III only
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c. I, II, and IV only
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d. II, III, and IV only
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ANS: D n


Oligohydramnios, a reduced quantity of amniotic fluid present for an extended period of time,
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with or without renal anomalies, is associated with lung hypoplasia. The mechanisms by
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which amniotic fluid volume influences lung growth remain unclear. Possible explanations for
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reduced quantity of amniotic fluid include mechanical restriction of the chest wall,
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interference with fetal breathing, or failure to produce fetal lung liquid. These clinical and
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experimental observations possibly point to a common denominator, lung stretch, as being a
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major growth stimulant.
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REF: pp. 6-7
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5. What is the purpose of the substance secreted by the type II pneumocyte?
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a. To increase the gas exchange surface area
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b. To reduce surface tension
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c. To maintain lung elasticity
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d. To preserve the volume of the amniotic fluid
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