NSG 210 PERFUSION EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a CABG? - Answer-Coronary artery bypass grafting
What is the best artery to use for a CABG? - Answer-Internal mammary artery
What should the RN monitor post CABG? - Answer-Fluid & electrolyte imbalance,
hypotension, hypothermia, HTN, bleeding, sternal wound infection, cardiac tamponade,
decreased LOC, pain, graft site issues, and neuromuscular status
What is cardiac output? - Answer-volume of blood pump by the heart per minute
determined by preload & afterload. 4-8L is normal
What is a myocardial infarction? - Answer-Complete occlusion of one or multiple
coronary arteries
What does the P wave indicate? - Answer-atrial contraction
What does the QRS complex indicate? - Answer-ventricular contraction
What does a NSTEMI indicate? - Answer-partial blockage
What are interventions for an NSTEMI? - Answer-Medications & Cath Lab
What is a STEMI? - Answer-complete blockage, this is a medical emergency
What appearance would you see of the S wave during a STEMI? - Answer-Elevation
that may have a "tombstone" appearance
What symptom might an older patient lack during an MI? - Answer-Chest pain
What labs would be performed when a myocardial infarction is suspected? - Answer-
Troponin (gold standard), CK-MB, & Creatinine Kinase
What time period do troponin levels rise when someone experiences an MI? - Answer-
4-6 hours after signs & symptoms begin
, What time period do troponin levels peak when someone experiences an MI? - Answer-
18-24 hours after signs & symptoms begin
When would lactate hydrogenase labs be useful? - Answer-When someone has a family
history of heart disease
What is ejection fraction? - Answer-volume of blood pumped by the heart during one
contraction. 50-70% is normal.
Define congestive heart failure? - Answer-Chronic disease with acute exacerbations
that affect the heart's ability to pump efficiently
What are general signs of poor perfusion? - Answer-Dyspnea, edema, confusion,
dizziness, pain, low urine output
What are the signs & symptoms of heart issues in infants? - Answer-poor feeding, poor
weight gain, cyanosis, failure to thrive
What is tetralogy of fallout? - Answer-ventral septal defect, pulmonary stenosis,
overriding aorta, right ventricle hypertrophy
What are signs of heart issues in toddlers & children? - Answer-squatting, fatigue,
developmental delays
What is coronary artery disease? - Answer-narrowing or obstruction of the coronary
arteries
What are the risk factors for CAD? - Answer-HTN, DM, smoking, sedentary lifestyle,
obesity, BMI > 25, large waist circumference, total cholesterol > 200, triglycerides > 100,
HDL < 60
What is ischemia of the heart? - Answer-poor blood supply to the heart that is reversible
What is infarct of the heart? - Answer-prolonged ischemia leading to tissue death that is
nonreversible
What is the most common cause of ischemia and infarction? - Answer-atherosclerosis
What are the interventions for CAD? - Answer-Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
(MONA), VS, Pain management, telemetry monitoring, semi fowlers positioning
Define Angina? - Answer-When supply of oxygen is insufficient to meet demands of the
heart
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is a CABG? - Answer-Coronary artery bypass grafting
What is the best artery to use for a CABG? - Answer-Internal mammary artery
What should the RN monitor post CABG? - Answer-Fluid & electrolyte imbalance,
hypotension, hypothermia, HTN, bleeding, sternal wound infection, cardiac tamponade,
decreased LOC, pain, graft site issues, and neuromuscular status
What is cardiac output? - Answer-volume of blood pump by the heart per minute
determined by preload & afterload. 4-8L is normal
What is a myocardial infarction? - Answer-Complete occlusion of one or multiple
coronary arteries
What does the P wave indicate? - Answer-atrial contraction
What does the QRS complex indicate? - Answer-ventricular contraction
What does a NSTEMI indicate? - Answer-partial blockage
What are interventions for an NSTEMI? - Answer-Medications & Cath Lab
What is a STEMI? - Answer-complete blockage, this is a medical emergency
What appearance would you see of the S wave during a STEMI? - Answer-Elevation
that may have a "tombstone" appearance
What symptom might an older patient lack during an MI? - Answer-Chest pain
What labs would be performed when a myocardial infarction is suspected? - Answer-
Troponin (gold standard), CK-MB, & Creatinine Kinase
What time period do troponin levels rise when someone experiences an MI? - Answer-
4-6 hours after signs & symptoms begin
, What time period do troponin levels peak when someone experiences an MI? - Answer-
18-24 hours after signs & symptoms begin
When would lactate hydrogenase labs be useful? - Answer-When someone has a family
history of heart disease
What is ejection fraction? - Answer-volume of blood pumped by the heart during one
contraction. 50-70% is normal.
Define congestive heart failure? - Answer-Chronic disease with acute exacerbations
that affect the heart's ability to pump efficiently
What are general signs of poor perfusion? - Answer-Dyspnea, edema, confusion,
dizziness, pain, low urine output
What are the signs & symptoms of heart issues in infants? - Answer-poor feeding, poor
weight gain, cyanosis, failure to thrive
What is tetralogy of fallout? - Answer-ventral septal defect, pulmonary stenosis,
overriding aorta, right ventricle hypertrophy
What are signs of heart issues in toddlers & children? - Answer-squatting, fatigue,
developmental delays
What is coronary artery disease? - Answer-narrowing or obstruction of the coronary
arteries
What are the risk factors for CAD? - Answer-HTN, DM, smoking, sedentary lifestyle,
obesity, BMI > 25, large waist circumference, total cholesterol > 200, triglycerides > 100,
HDL < 60
What is ischemia of the heart? - Answer-poor blood supply to the heart that is reversible
What is infarct of the heart? - Answer-prolonged ischemia leading to tissue death that is
nonreversible
What is the most common cause of ischemia and infarction? - Answer-atherosclerosis
What are the interventions for CAD? - Answer-Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin
(MONA), VS, Pain management, telemetry monitoring, semi fowlers positioning
Define Angina? - Answer-When supply of oxygen is insufficient to meet demands of the
heart
