Pediatrics Final Exam Mega Study Guide
Latest Update 2025/2026
A child with suspected cystic fibrosis is being evaluated. Which diagnostic test is most definitive?
A. Sputum culture
B. Stool fat analysis
C. Sweat chloride test
D. Pulmonary function test
C: Sweat chloride test
First action for a child with acute asthma exacerbation and audible wheeze, SpO₂ 90% on room air:
A. Obtain chest x-ray
B. Administer short-acting beta-agonist via nebulizer
C. Start IV fluids
D. Draw ABGs
B: Administer short-acting beta-agonist via nebulizer
Best position post-tonsillectomy to reduce aspiration risk:
A. Supine with neck extended
B. Prone with head turned to side
C. High-Fowler's
D. Trendelenburg
B: Prone with head turned to side
Classic triad for epiglottitis (medical emergency):
A. Barky cough, hoarseness, stridor
B. Drooling, dysphagia, distress
,C. Rhinorrhea, cough, fever
D. Conjunctivitis, coryza, cough
B: Drooling, dysphagia, distress
Priority nursing action for suspected epiglottitis:
A. Inspect throat with tongue depressor
B. Start IV antibiotics
C. Keep child calm; prepare for airway support
D. Obtain throat culture
C: Keep child calm; prepare for airway support
Most likely cause of inspiratory stridor and a "bark-like" cough at night:
A. Bacterial tracheitis
B. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
C. Bronchiolitis
D. Asthma
B: Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Best indicator of dehydration improvement in an infant with gastroenteritis:
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Increased tear production
C. Normalized urine output
D. Capillary refill < 3 seconds
C: Normalized urine output
Priority assessment for an adolescent in sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis reporting severe pain:
A. Abdominal exam
,B. Hydration status and oxygen saturation
C. Pupillary response
D. Weight trend
B: Hydration status and oxygen saturation
Home teaching for oral ferrous sulfate in iron-deficiency anemia:
A. Give with milk
B. Use a straw; brush teeth after
C. Crush and mix with cereal
D. Give with antacid
B: Use a straw; brush teeth after
Nephrotic syndrome hallmark:
A. Gross hematuria
B. Massive proteinuria with edema
C. Hypertension with hematuria
D. Pyuria with bacteriuria
B: Massive proteinuria with edema
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis classic presentation:
A. Periorbital edema, cola-colored urine, hypertension
B. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia
C. Polyuria, polydipsia
D. Flank mass, fever
A: Periorbital edema, cola-colored urine, hypertension
Immediate priority for a toddler with suspected meningitis:
, A. Prepare for CT scan
B. Obtain lumbar puncture without delay
C. Implement droplet precautions and start empiric antibiotics
D. Start anticonvulsants
C: Implement droplet precautions and start empiric antibiotics
Safe IV KCl administration teaching in hypokalemia:
A. Give IV push
B. Ensure adequate urine output before infusion
C. Mix with dextrose
D. Add to IM injection
B: Ensure adequate urine output before infusion
Increased pulmonary blood flow Congenital Heart Disease(CHD) example:
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Transposition of great arteries
C. Ventricular septal defect
D. Tricuspid atresia
C: Ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot hypercyanotic "tet" spell first intervention:
A. Prone
B. Knee-chest position
C. Supine with legs flat
D. Trendelenburg
B: Knee-chest position
Latest Update 2025/2026
A child with suspected cystic fibrosis is being evaluated. Which diagnostic test is most definitive?
A. Sputum culture
B. Stool fat analysis
C. Sweat chloride test
D. Pulmonary function test
C: Sweat chloride test
First action for a child with acute asthma exacerbation and audible wheeze, SpO₂ 90% on room air:
A. Obtain chest x-ray
B. Administer short-acting beta-agonist via nebulizer
C. Start IV fluids
D. Draw ABGs
B: Administer short-acting beta-agonist via nebulizer
Best position post-tonsillectomy to reduce aspiration risk:
A. Supine with neck extended
B. Prone with head turned to side
C. High-Fowler's
D. Trendelenburg
B: Prone with head turned to side
Classic triad for epiglottitis (medical emergency):
A. Barky cough, hoarseness, stridor
B. Drooling, dysphagia, distress
,C. Rhinorrhea, cough, fever
D. Conjunctivitis, coryza, cough
B: Drooling, dysphagia, distress
Priority nursing action for suspected epiglottitis:
A. Inspect throat with tongue depressor
B. Start IV antibiotics
C. Keep child calm; prepare for airway support
D. Obtain throat culture
C: Keep child calm; prepare for airway support
Most likely cause of inspiratory stridor and a "bark-like" cough at night:
A. Bacterial tracheitis
B. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
C. Bronchiolitis
D. Asthma
B: Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
Best indicator of dehydration improvement in an infant with gastroenteritis:
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Increased tear production
C. Normalized urine output
D. Capillary refill < 3 seconds
C: Normalized urine output
Priority assessment for an adolescent in sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis reporting severe pain:
A. Abdominal exam
,B. Hydration status and oxygen saturation
C. Pupillary response
D. Weight trend
B: Hydration status and oxygen saturation
Home teaching for oral ferrous sulfate in iron-deficiency anemia:
A. Give with milk
B. Use a straw; brush teeth after
C. Crush and mix with cereal
D. Give with antacid
B: Use a straw; brush teeth after
Nephrotic syndrome hallmark:
A. Gross hematuria
B. Massive proteinuria with edema
C. Hypertension with hematuria
D. Pyuria with bacteriuria
B: Massive proteinuria with edema
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis classic presentation:
A. Periorbital edema, cola-colored urine, hypertension
B. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia
C. Polyuria, polydipsia
D. Flank mass, fever
A: Periorbital edema, cola-colored urine, hypertension
Immediate priority for a toddler with suspected meningitis:
, A. Prepare for CT scan
B. Obtain lumbar puncture without delay
C. Implement droplet precautions and start empiric antibiotics
D. Start anticonvulsants
C: Implement droplet precautions and start empiric antibiotics
Safe IV KCl administration teaching in hypokalemia:
A. Give IV push
B. Ensure adequate urine output before infusion
C. Mix with dextrose
D. Add to IM injection
B: Ensure adequate urine output before infusion
Increased pulmonary blood flow Congenital Heart Disease(CHD) example:
A. Tetralogy of Fallot
B. Transposition of great arteries
C. Ventricular septal defect
D. Tricuspid atresia
C: Ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot hypercyanotic "tet" spell first intervention:
A. Prone
B. Knee-chest position
C. Supine with legs flat
D. Trendelenburg
B: Knee-chest position
