PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
1QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025-2026
AnAorderedAphotographicAdisplayAofAaAsetAofAchromosomesAfromAaAsingleAcellAisAa(n):
A)AmetaphaseAspread.
B)Aautosomal Aspread.
C)Akaryotype.
D)AanaphaseAspread.A-AAcorrectAanswersAc
AnAerror AinAwhichAhomologousAchromosomesAfailAtoAseparateAduring AmeiosisAisAtermed:
A)Aaneuploidy.
B)Anondisjunction.
C)Apolyploidy.
D)Aanaplasia.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
AAsomaticAcellAthatAdoesAnotAcontainAaAmultipleAofA23AchromosomesAisAcalled:
A)AanAaneuploidAcell.
B)AaAeuploidAcell.
C)AaApolyploidyAcell.
D)AaAhaploidAcell.A-AcorrectAanswersAa
AA20-year-
oldApregnantAfemaleAgivesAbirthAtoAaAstillbornAchild.AAutopsyArevealsAthatAtheAfetusAhasA92Achr
omosomes.AWhichAofAtheAfollowing AdescribesAthisAcondition?
A)AEuploidy
B)ATriploidy
C)ATetraploidy
D)AAneuploidyA-AcorrectAanswersAc
IfAaApersonAisAaAchromosomal Amosaic,AtheApersonAmay:
A)AbeAaAcarrier AofAtheAgeneticAdisease.
B)AhaveAaAmildAformAofAtheAgeneticAdisease.
,C)AhaveAtwoAgeneticAdiseases.
D)AbeAsterileAasAaAresultAofAtheAgeneticAdisease.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
TheAmostAcommonAcauseAofADownAsyndromeAis:
A)ApaternalAnondisjunction.
B)Amaternal Atranslocations.
C)Amaternal Anondisjunction.
D)ApaternalAtranslocations.A-AcorrectAanswersAc
RiskAfactorsAforADownAsyndromeAinclude:
A)AfetalAexposureAtoAmutagensAinAtheAuterus.
B)AincreasedApaternalAage.
C)AfamilyAhistoryAofADownAsyndrome.
D)ApregnancyAinAwomenAover AageA35.A-AcorrectAanswersAd
AA13-year-
oldAgirlAhasAaAkaryotypeAthatArevealsAanAabsentAhomologousAXAchromosomeAwithAonlyAaAsingl
eAXAchromosomeApresent.AHerAconditionAisAcalled:
A)ADownAsyndrome.
B)ACriAduAchatAsyndrome.
C)ATurner Asyndrome.
D)AEdwardAsyndromeA-AcorrectAanswersAc
AAchildAisAdiagnosedAwithAcysticAfibrosis.AHistoryArevealsAthatAtheAchild'sAparentsAareAfirstAcousi
ns.ACysticAfibrosisAwasAmostAlikelyAtheAresultAof:
A)AXAinactivation.
B)AgenomicAimprinting.
C)Aconsanguinity.
D)AobligateAcarriers.A-AcorrectAanswersAc
Joey,AageA9,AisAadmittedAtoAaApediatricAunitAwithADuchenneAmuscular Adystrophy.AHeAinheritedA
thisAconditionAthroughAa:
A)Asex-linkedAdominantAtrait.
B)Asex-influencedAtrait.
,C)Asex-limitedAtrait.
D)Asex-linkedArecessiveAtrait.A-AcorrectAanswersAd
AA50-year-
oldAmaleAwasArecentlyAdiagnosedAwithAHuntingtonAdisease.ATransmissionAofAthisAdiseaseAisAass
ociatedAwith:
A)Apenetrance.
B)ArecurrenceArisk.
C)Aexpressivity.
D)AdelayedAageAofAonset.A-AcorrectAanswersAd
PeopleAwhoAhaveAneurofibromatosisAwillAshowAvarying AdegreesAofAtheA disease;AthisAisAbecaus
eAofAtheAgeneticAprincipleAof:
A)Apenetrance.
B)Aexpressivity.
C)Adominance.
D)Arecessiveness.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
CysticAfibrosisAisAcausedAbyAanA_____Agene.
A)AX-linkedAdominant
B)AX-linkedArecessive
C)Aautosomal Adominant
D)Aautosomal ArecessiveA-AcorrectAanswersAd
ToAexpressAaApolygenicAtrait:
A)AgenesAmustAinteractAwithAtheAenvironment.
B)AseveralAgenesAmustAactAtogether.
C)AmultipleAmutationsAmustAoccur AinAtheAsameAfamily.
D)AinAsituAcloning AmustAoccur.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
TheAgradualAincreaseAinAheightAamong AtheAhumanApopulationAover AtheApastA100AyearsAisAanAe
xampleAof:
A)ApolygenicAtrait.
B)Amultifactorial Atrait.
, C)Acrossing Aover.
D)Arecombination.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
AAcoupleAhasAthreeAoffspring:AoneAchildAwithAanAautosomalAdominantAdiseaseAtraitAandA twoA w
hoAareAnormal.ATheAfather AisAaffectedAbyAtheAautosomalAdominantAdisease,AbutAtheAmother Ad
oesAnotAhaveAtheAdiseaseAgene.AWhatAisAtheArecurrenceAriskAofAthisAautosomal AdominantAdise
aseAforAtheir AnextAchild?
A)A50%
B)A33%
C)A25%
D)AImpossibleAtoAdetermineA-AcorrectAanswersAa
AA12-year-
oldAmaleAisAdiagnosedAwithAKlinefelter Asyndrome.AHisAkaryotypeAwouldArevealAwhichAofAtheAfo
llowing?
A)AXY
B)AXX
C)AXYY
D)AXXYA-AcorrectAanswersAd
AA5-year-
oldAmaleApresentsAwithAmentalAretardationAandAisAdiagnosedAwithAFragileAXAsyndrome.AWhichA
ofAtheAfollowing AisAmostAlikelyAtoAcauseAthisAsyndrome?
A)ATranslocation
B)AInversion
C)ANondisjunction
D)ADuplicationAatAfragileAsitesA-AcorrectAanswersAd
TheAoutwardAmanifestationAofAaAdisease,AoftenAinfluencedAbyAbothAgenesAandAtheAenvironme
nt,AisAcalledAtheAdisease:
A)Agenotype.
B)Aallele.
C)Aphenotype.
D)Adominance.A-AcorrectAanswersAc
1QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025-2026
AnAorderedAphotographicAdisplayAofAaAsetAofAchromosomesAfromAaAsingleAcellAisAa(n):
A)AmetaphaseAspread.
B)Aautosomal Aspread.
C)Akaryotype.
D)AanaphaseAspread.A-AAcorrectAanswersAc
AnAerror AinAwhichAhomologousAchromosomesAfailAtoAseparateAduring AmeiosisAisAtermed:
A)Aaneuploidy.
B)Anondisjunction.
C)Apolyploidy.
D)Aanaplasia.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
AAsomaticAcellAthatAdoesAnotAcontainAaAmultipleAofA23AchromosomesAisAcalled:
A)AanAaneuploidAcell.
B)AaAeuploidAcell.
C)AaApolyploidyAcell.
D)AaAhaploidAcell.A-AcorrectAanswersAa
AA20-year-
oldApregnantAfemaleAgivesAbirthAtoAaAstillbornAchild.AAutopsyArevealsAthatAtheAfetusAhasA92Achr
omosomes.AWhichAofAtheAfollowing AdescribesAthisAcondition?
A)AEuploidy
B)ATriploidy
C)ATetraploidy
D)AAneuploidyA-AcorrectAanswersAc
IfAaApersonAisAaAchromosomal Amosaic,AtheApersonAmay:
A)AbeAaAcarrier AofAtheAgeneticAdisease.
B)AhaveAaAmildAformAofAtheAgeneticAdisease.
,C)AhaveAtwoAgeneticAdiseases.
D)AbeAsterileAasAaAresultAofAtheAgeneticAdisease.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
TheAmostAcommonAcauseAofADownAsyndromeAis:
A)ApaternalAnondisjunction.
B)Amaternal Atranslocations.
C)Amaternal Anondisjunction.
D)ApaternalAtranslocations.A-AcorrectAanswersAc
RiskAfactorsAforADownAsyndromeAinclude:
A)AfetalAexposureAtoAmutagensAinAtheAuterus.
B)AincreasedApaternalAage.
C)AfamilyAhistoryAofADownAsyndrome.
D)ApregnancyAinAwomenAover AageA35.A-AcorrectAanswersAd
AA13-year-
oldAgirlAhasAaAkaryotypeAthatArevealsAanAabsentAhomologousAXAchromosomeAwithAonlyAaAsingl
eAXAchromosomeApresent.AHerAconditionAisAcalled:
A)ADownAsyndrome.
B)ACriAduAchatAsyndrome.
C)ATurner Asyndrome.
D)AEdwardAsyndromeA-AcorrectAanswersAc
AAchildAisAdiagnosedAwithAcysticAfibrosis.AHistoryArevealsAthatAtheAchild'sAparentsAareAfirstAcousi
ns.ACysticAfibrosisAwasAmostAlikelyAtheAresultAof:
A)AXAinactivation.
B)AgenomicAimprinting.
C)Aconsanguinity.
D)AobligateAcarriers.A-AcorrectAanswersAc
Joey,AageA9,AisAadmittedAtoAaApediatricAunitAwithADuchenneAmuscular Adystrophy.AHeAinheritedA
thisAconditionAthroughAa:
A)Asex-linkedAdominantAtrait.
B)Asex-influencedAtrait.
,C)Asex-limitedAtrait.
D)Asex-linkedArecessiveAtrait.A-AcorrectAanswersAd
AA50-year-
oldAmaleAwasArecentlyAdiagnosedAwithAHuntingtonAdisease.ATransmissionAofAthisAdiseaseAisAass
ociatedAwith:
A)Apenetrance.
B)ArecurrenceArisk.
C)Aexpressivity.
D)AdelayedAageAofAonset.A-AcorrectAanswersAd
PeopleAwhoAhaveAneurofibromatosisAwillAshowAvarying AdegreesAofAtheA disease;AthisAisAbecaus
eAofAtheAgeneticAprincipleAof:
A)Apenetrance.
B)Aexpressivity.
C)Adominance.
D)Arecessiveness.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
CysticAfibrosisAisAcausedAbyAanA_____Agene.
A)AX-linkedAdominant
B)AX-linkedArecessive
C)Aautosomal Adominant
D)Aautosomal ArecessiveA-AcorrectAanswersAd
ToAexpressAaApolygenicAtrait:
A)AgenesAmustAinteractAwithAtheAenvironment.
B)AseveralAgenesAmustAactAtogether.
C)AmultipleAmutationsAmustAoccur AinAtheAsameAfamily.
D)AinAsituAcloning AmustAoccur.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
TheAgradualAincreaseAinAheightAamong AtheAhumanApopulationAover AtheApastA100AyearsAisAanAe
xampleAof:
A)ApolygenicAtrait.
B)Amultifactorial Atrait.
, C)Acrossing Aover.
D)Arecombination.A-AcorrectAanswersAb
AAcoupleAhasAthreeAoffspring:AoneAchildAwithAanAautosomalAdominantAdiseaseAtraitAandA twoA w
hoAareAnormal.ATheAfather AisAaffectedAbyAtheAautosomalAdominantAdisease,AbutAtheAmother Ad
oesAnotAhaveAtheAdiseaseAgene.AWhatAisAtheArecurrenceAriskAofAthisAautosomal AdominantAdise
aseAforAtheir AnextAchild?
A)A50%
B)A33%
C)A25%
D)AImpossibleAtoAdetermineA-AcorrectAanswersAa
AA12-year-
oldAmaleAisAdiagnosedAwithAKlinefelter Asyndrome.AHisAkaryotypeAwouldArevealAwhichAofAtheAfo
llowing?
A)AXY
B)AXX
C)AXYY
D)AXXYA-AcorrectAanswersAd
AA5-year-
oldAmaleApresentsAwithAmentalAretardationAandAisAdiagnosedAwithAFragileAXAsyndrome.AWhichA
ofAtheAfollowing AisAmostAlikelyAtoAcauseAthisAsyndrome?
A)ATranslocation
B)AInversion
C)ANondisjunction
D)ADuplicationAatAfragileAsitesA-AcorrectAanswersAd
TheAoutwardAmanifestationAofAaAdisease,AoftenAinfluencedAbyAbothAgenesAandAtheAenvironme
nt,AisAcalledAtheAdisease:
A)Agenotype.
B)Aallele.
C)Aphenotype.
D)Adominance.A-AcorrectAanswersAc
