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LING 115 Midterm 1 (2025/2026) | 100+ Q&A | Dialects, Language Shift, Diglossia, Code-Switching, Endangerment – [Linguistics

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This document includes over 100 expertly answered questions from the LING 115 Midterm 1 exam for the academic year 2025/2026, covering foundational topics in sociolinguistics, language variation, and multilingualism. Each question is accompanied by a clear, concise answer, making this a high-value study resource for students preparing for midterms, finals, or certification in language-focused disciplines. Core areas explored include: Key distinctions among language, dialect, accent, jargon, and register Definitions and real-world examples of diglossia, dialect continua, and mutual intelligibility Theories and debates surrounding language standardization and national language identity Comprehensive coverage of code-switching types (intra/inter-sentential, tag-insertion, code-mixing) In-depth analysis of language shift, endangerment, and death, including intergenerational transmission models Societal and political dynamics in language planning, multilingual states, and language revival (e.g., Welsh, Guarani, Arabic, Haitian Creole) This material is especially useful for: Undergraduate linguistics majors and introductory language theory students Learners in language and identity, sociolinguistics, or multilingual societies courses Education, TESOL, and language planning students interested in real-world linguistic diversity Students at US colleges and universities taking courses aligned with modern sociolinguistic curricula With its deep conceptual coverage, this document is ideal for both first-time learners and those revising advanced language topics. It is tailored for success in academic, applied, and research-oriented settings. Keywords: language vs dialect, mutual intelligibility, dialect continuum, diglossia, social dialect, regional dialect, linguistic insecurity, language standardization, national language, language shift, endangered languages, language death, bilingualism, Arabic diglossia, code-switching types, intra-sentential switching, tag-insertion, linguistic diversity, language planning, language revitalization, multilingualism

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Subido en
11 de octubre de 2025
Número de páginas
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Escrito en
2025/2026
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Examen
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LING 115: MIDTERM 1 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers 100%
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T/F) Language is what we learn from dictionaries and grammar books - 🧠

ANSWER ✔✔False


T/F) Slang consists of words or phrases that are non-standard. Contrary to

standard language, slang does not have rules. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔False


T/F) Everyone who speaks the same language should have the same

vocabulary and grammar - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔False


What is the difference between language and dialect according to the

quote.

,"A language is a dialect with an army and a navy" - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Points

out the arbitarness of language selection. A dialect becomes a language to

due socio-political factors.


Define jargon - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔special words or expressions that are used

by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.


Define lingua franca - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A language mutually understood and

commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages;

very broad international use


Define dialect - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A variety of language that is particular to a

specific region or social group.


Define accent - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a distinctive mode of pronunciation of a

language


Define language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A standard variety used by people in a

country


Define ideolect - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The unique way that each person speaks

his/her language

, Define style - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Ways of speaking depending on formality,

age, group, and social status


Define register - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Speech used for a particular acitivity or a

particular social setting




ex: sports event commentators, auctioneers,


Define slang - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Informal vocabulary and grammar, often not

found in dictionaries but used in daily life


Define national language - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A language that has been

selected for a special role which is highly symbolic and its representative of

the national identity


Define mutual intelligibility hypothesis (2 parts) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a) If two

people can talk and understand each others dialects then they are

speaking language varieties of the same language




b) If they do not understand each other, then they are speaking two

different languages


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