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HOSA NUTRITION, 2025/2026 HOSA
NUTRITION TEST QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS (EXPERT
REVIEW) A+ GRADED
Carbohydrates
,,,,Answer,,,,,About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing
action. Normal fat metabolism. Three types.
Monosaccharides
,,,,Answer,,,,,Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required.
Can be easily absorbed directly into the blood stream from the small
intestine they include glucose fructose and galactose
Disaccharides
,,,,Answer,,,,,Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides.
Examples are sucrose maltose and lactose
Lactose intolerance
,,,,Answer,,,,,Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the
enzyme lactase; causes abdominal cramps and diarrhea
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Polysaccharides ,,,,Answer,,,,,Complex carbohydrates containing
combinations of monosaccharides. Examples include starch dextrin
cellulose and glycogen
Glycogen ,,,,Answer,,,,,Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles.
Approximately 1/2 day supply of energy is stored as glycogen in the
liver and muscles
Fiber ,,,,Answer,,,,,Indigestible parts of plants; absorbs water in large
intestine, helping to create soft stool.
Cellulose ,,,,Answer,,,,,Primary sources of dietary fiber
Endosperm ,,,,Answer,,,,,The inner part of the kernel of grain;
contains a carbohydrate. Contain starch protein and some B vitamins
germ ,,,,Answer,,,,,Smallest part of the grain and is a rich source of B
vitamins vitamin E minerals and proteins
Lipids and fat ,,,,Answer,,,,,Formed from glycerol Provides energy. 9
calories
hypercholesterolemia ,,,,Answer,,,,,Unusually high levels of cholesterol
and blood; also known as high serum cholesterol. Common in clients
with atherosclerosis.
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plaque ,,,,Answer,,,,,Fatty deposit on interior of artery walls. When
plaque blocks the heart a heart attack occurs. When it blocks the brain
a stroke occurs.
function of stomach ,,,,Answer,,,,,temporary storage of food. mixing of
food with gastric juices. regulation of a slow, controlled emptying of
food into the intestine. sexretion of the factor for B12. destruction of
most bacteria.
sphincter malfunction ,,,,Answer,,,,,causes acid reflux disease.
chyme ,,,,Answer,,,,,food mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices
gastric juices ,,,,Answer,,,,,digestive secretions in stomach. contain
HCl, pepsin, mucus. HCl activates pepsin to digest protein. children
have two additinal enzymes rennin-milk protein, and gastric lipase-
butterfat
salivary amylase ,,,,Answer,,,,,component of saliva that starts the
digestion of starch in the mouth
duodenum ,,,,Answer,,,,,Chyme moves through the pyloric sphincter
into the duodenum the first section of the small intestine.
secretin ,,,,Answer,,,,,hormone that is released when food reaches the
small intestine that causes the pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate
to neutralize chyme
HOSA NUTRITION, 2025/2026 HOSA
NUTRITION TEST QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS (EXPERT
REVIEW) A+ GRADED
Carbohydrates
,,,,Answer,,,,,About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing
action. Normal fat metabolism. Three types.
Monosaccharides
,,,,Answer,,,,,Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required.
Can be easily absorbed directly into the blood stream from the small
intestine they include glucose fructose and galactose
Disaccharides
,,,,Answer,,,,,Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides.
Examples are sucrose maltose and lactose
Lactose intolerance
,,,,Answer,,,,,Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the
enzyme lactase; causes abdominal cramps and diarrhea
,2|Page
Polysaccharides ,,,,Answer,,,,,Complex carbohydrates containing
combinations of monosaccharides. Examples include starch dextrin
cellulose and glycogen
Glycogen ,,,,Answer,,,,,Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles.
Approximately 1/2 day supply of energy is stored as glycogen in the
liver and muscles
Fiber ,,,,Answer,,,,,Indigestible parts of plants; absorbs water in large
intestine, helping to create soft stool.
Cellulose ,,,,Answer,,,,,Primary sources of dietary fiber
Endosperm ,,,,Answer,,,,,The inner part of the kernel of grain;
contains a carbohydrate. Contain starch protein and some B vitamins
germ ,,,,Answer,,,,,Smallest part of the grain and is a rich source of B
vitamins vitamin E minerals and proteins
Lipids and fat ,,,,Answer,,,,,Formed from glycerol Provides energy. 9
calories
hypercholesterolemia ,,,,Answer,,,,,Unusually high levels of cholesterol
and blood; also known as high serum cholesterol. Common in clients
with atherosclerosis.
, 3|Page
plaque ,,,,Answer,,,,,Fatty deposit on interior of artery walls. When
plaque blocks the heart a heart attack occurs. When it blocks the brain
a stroke occurs.
function of stomach ,,,,Answer,,,,,temporary storage of food. mixing of
food with gastric juices. regulation of a slow, controlled emptying of
food into the intestine. sexretion of the factor for B12. destruction of
most bacteria.
sphincter malfunction ,,,,Answer,,,,,causes acid reflux disease.
chyme ,,,,Answer,,,,,food mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices
gastric juices ,,,,Answer,,,,,digestive secretions in stomach. contain
HCl, pepsin, mucus. HCl activates pepsin to digest protein. children
have two additinal enzymes rennin-milk protein, and gastric lipase-
butterfat
salivary amylase ,,,,Answer,,,,,component of saliva that starts the
digestion of starch in the mouth
duodenum ,,,,Answer,,,,,Chyme moves through the pyloric sphincter
into the duodenum the first section of the small intestine.
secretin ,,,,Answer,,,,,hormone that is released when food reaches the
small intestine that causes the pancreas to release sodium bicarbonate
to neutralize chyme
