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RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
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ByMaryAlice Statkiewicz Sherer
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, TABLEOF CONTENT ap
Chapter1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Chapter2. Radiation: Types,Sources,and DosesReceivedC hapter
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3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
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Chapter 4.RadiationQuantities andUnits Chapter
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5. Radiation Monitoring
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Chapter6. OverviewofCellBiology
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Chapter7. Molecularand CellularRadiation Biology
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Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapter 9
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.Stochastic EffectsandLateTissueReactions ofRadiationinOrganSystems Chapt
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er 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing RadiationC
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hapter11. EquipmentDesignfor Radiation Protection
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Chapter 12.Management ofPatientRadiationDoseDuringDiagnostic X-
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RayProcedures
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Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in ComputedTomography and MammographyC
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hapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnos t
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ic X-Ray Procedures
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Chapter15. Radioisotopesand Radiation Protection
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ap
1. Consequencesof ionization in human cells include ap 9 ap 9ap 9a p ap
1. creation ofunstable atoms. ap ap
2. production of free electrons. 9a p 9 ap
3. creationofhighlyreactivefreemolecules(called freeradicals)capableofproducingsubsta n
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ces poisonous to the cell.
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4. creation ofnewbiologic molecules detrimental totheliving cell.
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5. injurytothe cell that may manifest itself asabnormal function orloss offunction.
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6. production of low-energy x-rayphotons. ap 9 ap
a. 1,2,3,and 4 only ap ap ap 9 9
b. 2,3,4, and 5 only ap ap ap 9 ap
c. 3,4,5, and 6 only ap ap ap 9 ap
d. Allthe options ap ap
ANS: D ap
,2. Which ofthe followingis a form ofradiation that is capable of creatingelectricallycharged partic l
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es byremoving orbitalelectrons fromthe atom ofnormalmatterthrough whichitpasses?
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a. Ionizing radiation ap
b. Nonionizing radiation ap
c. Subatomic radiation ap
d. Ultrasonic radiation ap
ANS: A ap
3. Regarding exposure toionizing radiation, patients who areeducated to understand the medicalbe
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nefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
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a. assume asmallchance ofbiologicdamage butnotsuppress anyradiationphobiathey m
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ay have. ap
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume asmall ch
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a nce of biologic damage.
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c. suppress anyradiationphobia but not risk asmall chance ofpossible biologicda 9ap ap 9a p ap ap ap ap ap ap ap ap
mage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a smallchance ofpossiblebiol
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ogic damage. ap
ANS: D ap
4. The millisievert (mSv) isequal to
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a. 1/10of asievert. ap ap
b. 1/100of asievert. ap ap
c. 1/1000of asievert. ap ap
d. 1/10,000of asievert. ap ap
ANS: C ap
5. The advantagesof the BERT method are
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1. BERT doesnot implyradiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
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2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is aninnate part ofthe environment.
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3. BERT provides ananswer that is easyfor the patient tocomprehend.
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a. 1and 2only ap ap ap
b. 1and 3only ap ap ap
c. 2 and 3only 9 ap ap
d. Allthe options ap ap
ANS: D ap
6. Ifapatientasksaradiographeraquestion abouthowmuch radiationheorshe willreceivefrom a spe
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cific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
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a. respond byusing an estimation basedon the comparison ofradiation received fromth
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e x-ray to natural background radiation received.
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b. avoid thepatient’s question bychanging thesubject. ap ap 9a p ap ap ap
c. tellthe patient that itis unethical todiscuss such concerns.
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d. refuse toanswer the question and recommend that he orshe speakwith the ref
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erring physician. a p
ANS: A ap
7. Whyshould the selection oftechnical exposure factors for all medical imaging proceduresal
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ways follow ALARA?
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a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptresp o
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nsibility for patient radiation safety. a p ap a p a p
b. Sothat radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
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, patient radiation safety. ap ap
c. Because radiation- 9a p
induced cancer does not appearto have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level below w hich
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a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
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d. Because radiation- 9a p
induced cancer does have adose level at which individualswould have achance of ap ap 9 ap ap 9 9a p 9ap ap ap ap ap ap
developing this disease. ap a p ap
ANS: C ap
8. The cardinal principles ofradiation protection include which ofthe following?
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a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. Allthe options ap ap
ANS: D ap
9. In a hospital setting, which ofthe following professionals is expressly charged bythe hospital ad
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mi nistration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance o
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f t he ALARA program?
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a. Assistantadministrator ofthe facility ap a p ap
b. Chief ofstaff ap ap
c. Radiation Safety Officer ap ap
d. Student radiologic technologist 9 ap
ANS: C ap
10. Why is aquestionconcerning the amount ofradiation a patient will receive during aspecificx-
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ray procedure difficult to answer?
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1. Because the received dose is specified in anumber ofdifferent units ofmeasure.
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2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible byapatient.
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3. Because the patient should notreceive anyinformation aboutradiation dose. 9ap 9ap ap ap ap ap 9a p ap 9a p
a. 1and 2only ap ap ap
b. 1and 3only ap ap ap
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d. Allthe options ap ap
ANS: A ap
11. X-rays area form ofwhich ofthe following kinds ofradiation?
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a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B ap
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
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a. Coulomb perkilogram 9ap
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A ap
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of thene e
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d for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
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specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users ofCT?
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a. U.S.Foodand Drug Administration ap 9 ap
RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
ap ap ap ap ap
ByMaryAlice Statkiewicz Sherer
ap 9ap ap
, TABLEOF CONTENT ap
Chapter1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
p
a ap ap ap ap
Chapter2. Radiation: Types,Sources,and DosesReceivedC hapter
p
a ap ap p
a p
a ap p
a ap ap
3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
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Chapter 4.RadiationQuantities andUnits Chapter
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a a
p a
p a
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5. Radiation Monitoring
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Chapter6. OverviewofCellBiology
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Chapter7. Molecularand CellularRadiation Biology
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a ap
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chapter 9
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.Stochastic EffectsandLateTissueReactions ofRadiationinOrganSystems Chapt
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a a
p a
p a
p a
p p
a a
p a
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er 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing RadiationC
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hapter11. EquipmentDesignfor Radiation Protection
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Chapter 12.Management ofPatientRadiationDoseDuringDiagnostic X-
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a a
p a
p a
p a
p a
p a
p a
p
RayProcedures
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Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in ComputedTomography and MammographyC
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hapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Diagnos t
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ic X-Ray Procedures
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Chapter15. Radioisotopesand Radiation Protection
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a ap p
a ap ap
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
a p ap ap ap ap
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
ap ap ap ap ap a p ap
MULTIPLE CHOICE ap
1. Consequencesof ionization in human cells include ap 9 ap 9ap 9a p ap
1. creation ofunstable atoms. ap ap
2. production of free electrons. 9a p 9 ap
3. creationofhighlyreactivefreemolecules(called freeradicals)capableofproducingsubsta n
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ces poisonous to the cell.
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4. creation ofnewbiologic molecules detrimental totheliving cell.
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5. injurytothe cell that may manifest itself asabnormal function orloss offunction.
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6. production of low-energy x-rayphotons. ap 9 ap
a. 1,2,3,and 4 only ap ap ap 9 9
b. 2,3,4, and 5 only ap ap ap 9 ap
c. 3,4,5, and 6 only ap ap ap 9 ap
d. Allthe options ap ap
ANS: D ap
,2. Which ofthe followingis a form ofradiation that is capable of creatingelectricallycharged partic l
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es byremoving orbitalelectrons fromthe atom ofnormalmatterthrough whichitpasses?
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a. Ionizing radiation ap
b. Nonionizing radiation ap
c. Subatomic radiation ap
d. Ultrasonic radiation ap
ANS: A ap
3. Regarding exposure toionizing radiation, patients who areeducated to understand the medicalbe
ap ap ap 9a p ap ap 9ap ap 9 9a p ap a
nefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
p a p ap ap a p ap ap 9ap ap
a. assume asmallchance ofbiologicdamage butnotsuppress anyradiationphobiathey m
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ay have. ap
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume asmall ch
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a nce of biologic damage.
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c. suppress anyradiationphobia but not risk asmall chance ofpossible biologicda 9ap ap 9a p ap ap ap ap ap ap ap ap
mage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a smallchance ofpossiblebiol
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ogic damage. ap
ANS: D ap
4. The millisievert (mSv) isequal to
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a. 1/10of asievert. ap ap
b. 1/100of asievert. ap ap
c. 1/1000of asievert. ap ap
d. 1/10,000of asievert. ap ap
ANS: C ap
5. The advantagesof the BERT method are
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1. BERT doesnot implyradiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
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2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is aninnate part ofthe environment.
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3. BERT provides ananswer that is easyfor the patient tocomprehend.
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a. 1and 2only ap ap ap
b. 1and 3only ap ap ap
c. 2 and 3only 9 ap ap
d. Allthe options ap ap
ANS: D ap
6. Ifapatientasksaradiographeraquestion abouthowmuch radiationheorshe willreceivefrom a spe
ap ap ap ap ap ap ap 9 ap ap 9 ap ap ap 9 ap ap ap
cific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
ap ap ap ap a p
a. respond byusing an estimation basedon the comparison ofradiation received fromth
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e x-ray to natural background radiation received.
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b. avoid thepatient’s question bychanging thesubject. ap ap 9a p ap ap ap
c. tellthe patient that itis unethical todiscuss such concerns.
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d. refuse toanswer the question and recommend that he orshe speakwith the ref
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erring physician. a p
ANS: A ap
7. Whyshould the selection oftechnical exposure factors for all medical imaging proceduresal
ap 9a p ap 9 ap ap ap ap ap ap 9a p 9a p
ways follow ALARA?
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a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to acceptresp o
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nsibility for patient radiation safety. a p ap a p a p
b. Sothat radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
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, patient radiation safety. ap ap
c. Because radiation- 9a p
induced cancer does not appearto have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level below w hich
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a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
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d. Because radiation- 9a p
induced cancer does have adose level at which individualswould have achance of ap ap 9 ap ap 9 9a p 9ap ap ap ap ap ap
developing this disease. ap a p ap
ANS: C ap
8. The cardinal principles ofradiation protection include which ofthe following?
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a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. Allthe options ap ap
ANS: D ap
9. In a hospital setting, which ofthe following professionals is expressly charged bythe hospital ad
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mi nistration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance o
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f t he ALARA program?
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a. Assistantadministrator ofthe facility ap a p ap
b. Chief ofstaff ap ap
c. Radiation Safety Officer ap ap
d. Student radiologic technologist 9 ap
ANS: C ap
10. Why is aquestionconcerning the amount ofradiation a patient will receive during aspecificx-
ap ap ap ap 9 9ap ap ap ap ap ap 9a p 9a p 9
ray procedure difficult to answer?
ap ap ap ap 9
1. Because the received dose is specified in anumber ofdifferent units ofmeasure.
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2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible byapatient.
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3. Because the patient should notreceive anyinformation aboutradiation dose. 9ap 9ap ap ap ap ap 9a p ap 9a p
a. 1and 2only ap ap ap
b. 1and 3only ap ap ap
c. 2 and 3only 9 ap ap
d. Allthe options ap ap
ANS: A ap
11. X-rays area form ofwhich ofthe following kinds ofradiation?
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a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B ap
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
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a. Coulomb perkilogram 9ap
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A ap
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of thene e
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d for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
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specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users ofCT?
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a. U.S.Foodand Drug Administration ap 9 ap