NR 603 WEEK 1 2025/2026 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
PASS
A 75-year-old man is involved in a motor vehicle accident and strikes his
forehead on the windshield. He complains of neck pain and severe burning
in his shoulders and arms. His physical examination reveals weakness of
his upper extremities. What type of spinal cord injury does this patient
have?
A anterior cord syndrome
B central cord syndrome
C Brown-Séquard syndrome
D complete cord transection
,E cauda equina syndrome
ANS: B - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Central Cord Syndrome
the central cord syndrome involves loss of motor function that is more
severe in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities, and is more
severe in the hands. There is typically hyperesthesia over the shoulders
and arms. Anterior cord syndrome presents with paraplegia or quadriplegia,
loss of lateral spinothalamic function with preservation of posterior column
function. Brown-Séquard syndrome consists of weakness and loss of
posterior column function on one side of the body distal to the lesion with
contralateral loss of lateral spinothalamic function one to two levels below
the lesion. Complete cord transection would affect motor and sensory
function distal to the lesion. Cauda equina syndrome typically presents as
low back pain with radiculopathy.
A 37-year-old man fell from a ladder as he finished hanging the Christmas
lights on his house. The right side of his head hit the alley cement, and he
lost consciousness for about 1 minute; he woke up with a headache, but he
had no other complaints. A few hours later, the patient is brought to the
emergency room by his neighbor because of an intense headache,
confusion, and left hand hemiparesis. On examination, the patient has a
,bruise located over the right temporal region, mydriasis, and right deviation
of the right eye, papilledema, and left extensor plantar response. An
emergency CT scan of the head without contrast reveals a lens-shaped
hyper-density under the right temporal bone with mass effect and edema.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer Choices
1 Epidural hematoma
2 Subdural hematoma
3 Subarachnoid hemorrhage
4 Intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage
5 Acute meningitis
ANS: 1 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Epidural Hematoma
Epidural hematoma most often results from a traumatic tear of the middle
meningeal artery. Although a lucid interval ranging from minutes to hours
followed by altered mental status and focal deficits is typical for epidural
hematoma, this clinical picture is only encountered in up to 1/3 of the
patients. The collection of blood between the skull and dura mater causes
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, an evident mass effect with ophthalmic nerve palsy and the contralateral
hemiparesis. Surgical evacuation of the clot via burr holes is the treatment
of choice.
Subdural hematoma results from a traumatic rupture of the bridging veins
that connect the cerebrum to the venous sinuses within the dura. This
venous hemorrhage will result in a gradual increase of the hematoma, with
a progressive clinical picture over days or weeks. The CT scan will show a
concave, crescent-shaped hyper-density compared to the convex, lens-
shaped hyper-density in epidural hematoma.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the result of an aneurysm rupture; the most
common is the congenital berry aneurysm. The clinical picture is of a
sudden, severe headache with meningeal irritation. A CT scan will show
blood in the subarachnoid space, and a lumbar puncture will reveal
xanthochromia CSF.
Intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage is most likely caused by
hypertension complicated with Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms. The blood
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 100%
PASS
A 75-year-old man is involved in a motor vehicle accident and strikes his
forehead on the windshield. He complains of neck pain and severe burning
in his shoulders and arms. His physical examination reveals weakness of
his upper extremities. What type of spinal cord injury does this patient
have?
A anterior cord syndrome
B central cord syndrome
C Brown-Séquard syndrome
D complete cord transection
,E cauda equina syndrome
ANS: B - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Central Cord Syndrome
the central cord syndrome involves loss of motor function that is more
severe in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities, and is more
severe in the hands. There is typically hyperesthesia over the shoulders
and arms. Anterior cord syndrome presents with paraplegia or quadriplegia,
loss of lateral spinothalamic function with preservation of posterior column
function. Brown-Séquard syndrome consists of weakness and loss of
posterior column function on one side of the body distal to the lesion with
contralateral loss of lateral spinothalamic function one to two levels below
the lesion. Complete cord transection would affect motor and sensory
function distal to the lesion. Cauda equina syndrome typically presents as
low back pain with radiculopathy.
A 37-year-old man fell from a ladder as he finished hanging the Christmas
lights on his house. The right side of his head hit the alley cement, and he
lost consciousness for about 1 minute; he woke up with a headache, but he
had no other complaints. A few hours later, the patient is brought to the
emergency room by his neighbor because of an intense headache,
confusion, and left hand hemiparesis. On examination, the patient has a
,bruise located over the right temporal region, mydriasis, and right deviation
of the right eye, papilledema, and left extensor plantar response. An
emergency CT scan of the head without contrast reveals a lens-shaped
hyper-density under the right temporal bone with mass effect and edema.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer Choices
1 Epidural hematoma
2 Subdural hematoma
3 Subarachnoid hemorrhage
4 Intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage
5 Acute meningitis
ANS: 1 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Epidural Hematoma
Epidural hematoma most often results from a traumatic tear of the middle
meningeal artery. Although a lucid interval ranging from minutes to hours
followed by altered mental status and focal deficits is typical for epidural
hematoma, this clinical picture is only encountered in up to 1/3 of the
patients. The collection of blood between the skull and dura mater causes
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, an evident mass effect with ophthalmic nerve palsy and the contralateral
hemiparesis. Surgical evacuation of the clot via burr holes is the treatment
of choice.
Subdural hematoma results from a traumatic rupture of the bridging veins
that connect the cerebrum to the venous sinuses within the dura. This
venous hemorrhage will result in a gradual increase of the hematoma, with
a progressive clinical picture over days or weeks. The CT scan will show a
concave, crescent-shaped hyper-density compared to the convex, lens-
shaped hyper-density in epidural hematoma.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the result of an aneurysm rupture; the most
common is the congenital berry aneurysm. The clinical picture is of a
sudden, severe headache with meningeal irritation. A CT scan will show
blood in the subarachnoid space, and a lumbar puncture will reveal
xanthochromia CSF.
Intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage is most likely caused by
hypertension complicated with Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms. The blood
