UVIC Psych 210 Exam 2 Questions And Well Elaborated Solutions Verified 100% Correct

UVIC Psych 210 Exam 2 Questions And Well Elaborated Solutions Verified 100% Correct Characteristics of consciousness (James) - answers 1. Personal 2. Dynamic 3. Continuous 4. Selective 5. Functional What methods did James consider appropriate for the study of consciousness? - answers introspection- must accept as basic method Experimental method Comparative method Contributions of functionalism - answers -shift in emphasis from structure to function -immediate impact on US psychology -zeitgeist -biggest contribution: application -broadened subject matter & methodology Typical view of emotion - answers subjective mental experience of emotion precedes bodily expression. Ex: see wild animal, feel fear, flee James-Lange theory of emotion - answers theory proposing that emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli Typical view of consciousness - answers conscious experience precedes bodily expression. Ex: class ends, decide to stand up, and then stand up Motor Theory of Consciousness - answers (munsterberg) bodily expression precedes conscious experience. Ex: class ends, motor process of standing begin, enters consciousness, then stand up Functionalism - answers Darwin's theory concerned with how the mind functions or how it is used by an organism to adapt to its environment Darwin's influences: - answers -a new focus on animal psychology -a new emphasis on the functions rather than the structure of consciousness -acceptance of methodology and data from many fields -a new focus on the description and measurement of individual differences Mental test - answers tests of motor and sensory capacities; intelligence tests use more complex measures of mental abilities Anecdotal method - answers the use of observational reports about animal behavior Variability hypothesis - answers The notion that men show a wider range and variation of physical and mental development than women; the abilities of women are seen as more average. Women less likely to benefit from education Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley - answers found little to no sex difference in emotional functioning & intellectual abilities. Stressed social and environmental abilities Hollingworth - answers She provided scientific underpinnings for the feminist movement refuting some of the notions of male superiority. Refuted variability hypothesis, menstrual cycle unrelated to performance. Challenged inmate instinct for motherhood, stressed social and cultural attitudes Stream of consciousness - answers William James' idea that consciousness is a continuous flowing process and that any attempt to reduce it to elements will distort it Pragmatism - answers the doctrine that the validity of ideas is measured by their practical consequences Three-Part Self - answers material (everything we call our own), social (recognition we get from other people), spiritual (our inner or subjective being) Habit - answers James believed that all living creatures are "bundles of habits", repetitive or habitual actions, with repetition, required less conscious attention, have enormous social implications Mary calkins - answers -graduated by james -developed the paired-associate technique used in the study of memory -first women president of APA Granville Stanley Hall - answers first president of APA, first American doctoral degree in psych., voted smartest man, began 1st psychology lab in the US (johns hopkins) Recapitulation Theory - answers Hall's idea that the psychological development of children repeats the history of the human race Dewey - answers -published first American textbook of the new psychology Reflex arc - answers A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus, often without conscious brain involvement. Dynamic Psychology - answers Robert Woodworth's system of psychology, which was concerned with the influence of causal factors and motivations on feelings and behavior. Mental tests - answers Tests of motor skills and sensory capacities; intelligence tests use more complex measures of mental abilities. Binet - answers developed first psychological test of mental ability Mental age - answers a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance Intelligence quotient (IQ) - answers defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 [thus, IQ = (ma/ca) x 100]. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100. Otis - answers Army alpha/ armybeta, intelligence test for army recruits Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) - answers a test that measures the critical thinking mathematical, reasoning, and writing skills students need to do college-level work. Carl Brigham Bond - answers argued that IQ differences between races was due to environmental rather than inherited factors Women prohibited from - answers seeking university positions --> turned to employment in the applied fields Witmer - answers -began the field clinical psychology, what we now call school psychology the idea of freud was crucial to the advancement of clinical psychology, freud's ideas provided clinical psychologists with their initial psychological techniques of therapy