Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update

Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update Most scopes rely on what rod lens system? - Answers Hopkins How does the Hopkins rod lens system work? - Answers Reflected light is transmitted to coupler to light sensitive imaging chip in the camera head As scope angle increases, light transmitted ___________ - Answers decreases As length increases, light transmitted ________ - Answers decreases What degree of scope is ideal for working in the pelvis and high in the mediastinum - Answers 0 degree What do you do if your image is blurry? - Answers Look at fiber-optics Black spots = damage Assess for moisture Why is CO2 used in laparoscopy - Answers Inexpensive Not combustive May not need tank What happens if you warm CO2 - Answers Postop body temp and pain increases How do you avoid losing pneumoperitoneum from suction? - Answers Fully immersing suction tip in fluid being suctioned When is the picture in picture effect helpful on the camera control unit - Answers Hysteroscopy CBD exploration Concomitant US If measured pressure is same as preset pressure - Answers Patient may not be significantly relaxed (sign: rhythmic abdominal muscle contractions) Mechanical obstruction - kink in tubing, standing on tubing Low pressure, high flow rate - Answers Make sure connected to port, check ports to make sure closed, check ports for leaking, check distention of bowel or foley Low pressure, no flow - Answers Standby mode Check gas level Blank monitor - Answers NOT camera fog Check cords Benefits and risks of bipolar current - Answers Current flows through smaller tissue volume - less risk of lateral tissue damage and necrosis Risk of cutting vessels before sealing Improper device function Which current type does not require dispersive electrodes - Answers Bipolar At what temperature does protein denaturation occur? - Answers Over 60 degrees celsius How does coagulation occur with monopolar energy - Answers Bonds are reformed in haphazard manner after heating The tissue turning brown and steamy with monopolar energy is a result of - Answers Desiccation. As desiccation increases, impedance increases until current stops flowing due to high resistance. The amount of current flowing through a cross sectional area of tissue - Answers Current density Current density is _______ proportional to tissue resistance - Answers Inversely The _______ the contact area, the greater the current density and faster heating - Answers smaller What are the three modes of operation for cautery - Answers Cut Coag Blend What is the goal of cut energy - Answers Heat tissue quickly so cell water is converted to steam and the cell explodes Why are you less likely to have lateral thermal damage with cut? - Answers Heat dissipated in steam Cut waveform - Answers Unmodulated Low voltage Fulguration is the result of ________ energy - Answers Coag Rapid surface heating, superficial eschar formation, shallow necrosis depth