PBSI 311 EXAM 2 WITH ALL Q UESTIO NS
AND ANSWERS
Initheicontextiofianimalibehavioristudies,iwhatidoesicooper
ationimean?i- ANSWER
Outcomeiofi2iorimoreiindividualsiinteractingisuchithatithe
yireceiveiainetibenefitifromitheiriinteractionievenithoughit
hereiareicosts;ibehavingiiniaiwayithatimakesitheiexpectedibe
nefitsipossible
Knowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiinielephants.iWhatiwereit
hei3itasksiandiwhatididieachiofithemishowiregardingianielepha
nt'siabilityitoiworkialoneianditoiworkiwithiothers?i-ANSWER
taski1-
iElephantsitraineditoipulliairopeiattached itoigetiaibowliofifood.iT
hisiisiaisoloitask.
taski2-
i Elephantsineededitoiworkitogetheritoipulli2iropesit
oigetiaifoodireward
1) Elephantsireleasediatitheisameitimei(wor
kingitogethericouldibeicoincidental)
2) Elephantireleaseistaggeredi(workingitoge
therirequiresiwaiting,isupportsicooperatio
n)
taski3-
i Elephantsireleasediatitheisameitimeibutioneiropeiisi
madeiinaccessiblei(workingitogetherinotipossible,i
noicooperation)
,KnowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiiniRodriguesifruitibats.i
Whatitypeiofibehaviorsididitheihelperiengageiiniandiwhatiisi
aipossibleiexplanationiforiwhy?i-
i i ANSWERi i RodriguesiFruitiBat:iBirthing
Unrelatedifemalei'helper'iassistedifemalei withidifficultibirth
,Demonstratedibirthiposturei(feetidown);igroomeditheimotheri
duringibirth;ilickitheinewborn;iandiassistediwithipositionitheipu
piforinursing
Assistanceimayibeirelateditoibondsibuiltithroughiroostingiproximi
ty
Knowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiiniprimates.iWhatiareitheih
ealthiandisocialibenefitsiofisocialigrooming?i- ANSWER
Commonicooperativeibehavioriobservediiniprimatesi(alsoicall
ediallogrooming)
Healthibenefitiofitheiremovaliofiparasites
Socialibenefitsiofitensionireductioni(hormoneilevelsiareiaffec
tedisuchithatiaggressioniisireduced).
Socialibenefitsiofiresourcesibeingiexchangediforifoodi(thisim
eansiassistanceiwithianiaggressor/predator)
Mayirepresentianiexchangeibasedisystemioficooperation
Whatiareithei4ipathsi(canialsoibeithoughtiofiasi'behavioralifor
msioficooperation')itoicooperation?
iOneiwasidiscussediiniLecturei12iandioneiwasinotidiscussedii
niclassi(consideredicontroversial).i-iANSWER
KiniSelection-
ifavorsibehaviorsithatiincreaseitheireproductiveisuccess iofi
thoseiindividuals'icloseigeneticikin
ReciprocityiByprod
uctiMutualism
Groupiselectioni(notidiscussediiniclass)
Whatiisireciprocityiorireciprocalialtruism?i- ANSWER
Reciprocalialtruism:iexchangingiactsioficooperativeiand
altruisticibehavior
Whyiwouldinaturaliselectionifavorithisitypeiofibehavior?
, •Theicostiofioneiindividualihelpingianotheriisioffsetibyithe
recipienti reciprocatingi byi helpingi thei helperi ini thei future.
AND ANSWERS
Initheicontextiofianimalibehavioristudies,iwhatidoesicooper
ationimean?i- ANSWER
Outcomeiofi2iorimoreiindividualsiinteractingisuchithatithe
yireceiveiainetibenefitifromitheiriinteractionievenithoughit
hereiareicosts;ibehavingiiniaiwayithatimakesitheiexpectedibe
nefitsipossible
Knowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiinielephants.iWhatiwereit
hei3itasksiandiwhatididieachiofithemishowiregardingianielepha
nt'siabilityitoiworkialoneianditoiworkiwithiothers?i-ANSWER
taski1-
iElephantsitraineditoipulliairopeiattached itoigetiaibowliofifood.iT
hisiisiaisoloitask.
taski2-
i Elephantsineededitoiworkitogetheritoipulli2iropesit
oigetiaifoodireward
1) Elephantsireleasediatitheisameitimei(wor
kingitogethericouldibeicoincidental)
2) Elephantireleaseistaggeredi(workingitoge
therirequiresiwaiting,isupportsicooperatio
n)
taski3-
i Elephantsireleasediatitheisameitimeibutioneiropeiisi
madeiinaccessiblei(workingitogetherinotipossible,i
noicooperation)
,KnowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiiniRodriguesifruitibats.i
Whatitypeiofibehaviorsididitheihelperiengageiiniandiwhatiisi
aipossibleiexplanationiforiwhy?i-
i i ANSWERi i RodriguesiFruitiBat:iBirthing
Unrelatedifemalei'helper'iassistedifemalei withidifficultibirth
,Demonstratedibirthiposturei(feetidown);igroomeditheimotheri
duringibirth;ilickitheinewborn;iandiassistediwithipositionitheipu
piforinursing
Assistanceimayibeirelateditoibondsibuiltithroughiroostingiproximi
ty
Knowitheicaseistudyioficooperationiiniprimates.iWhatiareitheih
ealthiandisocialibenefitsiofisocialigrooming?i- ANSWER
Commonicooperativeibehavioriobservediiniprimatesi(alsoicall
ediallogrooming)
Healthibenefitiofitheiremovaliofiparasites
Socialibenefitsiofitensionireductioni(hormoneilevelsiareiaffec
tedisuchithatiaggressioniisireduced).
Socialibenefitsiofiresourcesibeingiexchangediforifoodi(thisim
eansiassistanceiwithianiaggressor/predator)
Mayirepresentianiexchangeibasedisystemioficooperation
Whatiareithei4ipathsi(canialsoibeithoughtiofiasi'behavioralifor
msioficooperation')itoicooperation?
iOneiwasidiscussediiniLecturei12iandioneiwasinotidiscussedii
niclassi(consideredicontroversial).i-iANSWER
KiniSelection-
ifavorsibehaviorsithatiincreaseitheireproductiveisuccess iofi
thoseiindividuals'icloseigeneticikin
ReciprocityiByprod
uctiMutualism
Groupiselectioni(notidiscussediiniclass)
Whatiisireciprocityiorireciprocalialtruism?i- ANSWER
Reciprocalialtruism:iexchangingiactsioficooperativeiand
altruisticibehavior
Whyiwouldinaturaliselectionifavorithisitypeiofibehavior?
, •Theicostiofioneiindividualihelpingianotheriisioffsetibyithe
recipienti reciprocatingi byi helpingi thei helperi ini thei future.
