PBSI 311 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
Ethologyic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔theicstudyicoficanimalicbehavior
behavioric-icCORRECTicANS✔✔coordinatedicresponseicaicgivenicorganismicgeneratesicinicreactionicto
NikolaasicTinbergenic(1907-1988)ic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔Dutchicevolutionaryicbiologist,icdevelopedicfourictypesicoficquestionsictoicanalyze
mechanistic,icdevelopmental,icsurvivalicvalue,icevolutionary/phylogenetic
Mechanisticicquestionsic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔answeredicbyicdescribingichowicanicanimalicisicbiologicallyicorganizedicandicequip
Whaticstimuliicelicitsicbehavior?
Howicdoesicanicanimalicphysiologicallyicrespond?
Developmentalicquestionsic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔concernsichowictheicbehavioricchangesicdueictoicma
howicdoesicbehavioricchangeicasicanimalicmatures?
howicdoicinfluencesiconicdevelopmenticaffecticbehavioricinicadulthood?
Survivalicvalueicquestionsic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔howicdoesicbehavioricaffecticreproductionicandicsurvi
Evolutionary/Phylogeneticicquestionsic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔howicdoesicbehavioricvaryicacrossictheicp
whenicdidictheicbehavioricfirsticappearicinictheicspecies?
Proximateicanalysisic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔analysisicbasediconicaskingicquestionsicthaticfocusiconicimm
mechanisticicandicdevelopmentalicquestions
Ultimateicanalysisic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔analysisicbasediconicaskingicquestionsicthaticrelateictoictheice
survivalicvalueicandicdevelopmentalicforces
KonradicLorenzic(1903-1989)ic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔researchericwhoicfocusediconiccriticalicattachmenticperiodsicinicbabyicbirds,icaicco
KarlicvonicFrischic(1886-1982)ic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔Austrianicethologisticwhoicpioneeredicstudiesicinicbeeiccommunicationicandicforag
Demonstratedicthatichoneyicbeesichaveiccoloricvision.
Honeyicbeesicuseicaicdanceiclanguageictoiccommunicateictheiclocationicoficresourcesictoicothericbees.
, inictheicrandomictreatment,iccuesicwereicnoticconsistentlyicpairedicwithiceithericdiet
learningicgrasshoppersichadicaichighericproportionicoficvisitsictoictheicbalancedicdieticdishicthanicthoseicin
muchicfastericthanictheicrandomicgrasshoppers
randomicgrasshoppersiceventuallyicpreferredictheicbalancedicdiet,icbuticitictookicmoreictrials
culturalictransmissionicinicNorwayicbrownicratsicscavengingic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔demonstratoricratsicwereicexposedictoicaiccertainicflavoricoficfood,icandicthenicputic
theicobservericbeganictoicpreferictheicfoodicthatictheicdemonstratoricraticwasicexposedicto
empiricalicapproachictoicethologyic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔analysisicbasediconicobservationicandicexperi
ex)ichowictheicpresenceicoficaicpredatoryichawkicaffectsictheicbehavioricoficredwingicblackbirdsiccanicbeici
wkicinicwetlandichabitaticoficredwingsicandicobserving
conceptualicapproachictoicethologyic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔puttingicdisparateicideasictogether
WDicHamiltonicputictogetherictheicideasicofickinshipicandicnaturalicselectionictogetherictoiccreateickinicsel
kinicselectionic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔aicspecificictypeicoficnaturalicselectionicwhereictheicbehaviorsicthaticareicpromoted
cothericrelatedicindividuals)icthriveicthroughiccareicandicprotection
theoreticalicapproachictoicethologyic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔example:icmathematicalicoptimalityictheory
theicvalueicoficaicfawnichuntedicbyicaiccheetahiccanicbeicmathematicallyicmodeledicbyicassigningicvalues
ting
artificialicselectionic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔selectiveicbreedingicoficplantsicandicanimalsictoicpromoteictheicoccurrenceicoficde
artificialicselectionicinicdomesticatingicsilvericfoxesic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔RussianicscientistsicDmitriicBelyaevicandicLyudmilaicTruticartificiallyicselectedicfo
silvericfoxesicinicorderictoicmakeiciticeasierictoicproduceicfoxicfur
theyicfoundicthaticselectingicforicaicbehavioralictraiticcanicalsoicimpacticotherictraits,icsuchicasiccoaticcolori
naturalicselectionicoficgroupichuntingicinicAfricanicwildicdogsic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔individualicwildicdogsichuntingicinicpacksichighichighicforagingicsuccessicratesicfor
ericmayichaveiclowicforagingicsuccessicratesicwhenichuntingiclargeicpreyic>icnaturalicselectionicfavorsicaic
theicgreaterictheicfitnessicbenefit,ictheicfewericgenerationsiciticwillictakeicbeforeictheicbehavioricreachesic1
prerequisitesicforicnaturalicselectionic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔theictraiticmusticvaryicamongicindividualsicin
traiticvariationsicmustichaveicdifferenticfitnessicconsequences
theictraiticmusticbeicheritable
adaptationic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔theictraiticassociatedicwithichighesticrelativeicfitnessicinicaicspecificice
adaptationicoficanti-predatoricbehavioricinicguppiesic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔aticlowicpredationicsites,icfemalesicproduceicfew,iclargeicoffspring
atichighicpredationicsite,icfemalesicproduceicmany,icsmallicoffspring
atichighicpredationicsites,icfishic(generally)icformiclargericschools,icincreaseicinicinspectionicandicpredato
nicnearicsurfaceicandicseekiccovericaticedgeicoficriver
whenicguppiesicswitchicpredationicsites,ictheyicwillicadaptictheiricbehaviorictoictheicpredationicpressure
spatialiclearningicinicvolesic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔meadowicvolesicareicpolygamous;icprairieicvolesicare
inicmeadowicvoles,icmalesichaveicmuchiclargerichomeicrangesicthanicfemalesicandicthereicisicsignificantic
yicsex;icmalesichaveiclargerichippocampalicvolumeicandicgreatericamounticoficdendriticicspines
inicprairieicvoles,icthereicisiclittleicdifferenceicinichomeicrangeicoricspatialiclearningicbyicsex
Ethologyic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔theicstudyicoficanimalicbehavior
behavioric-icCORRECTicANS✔✔coordinatedicresponseicaicgivenicorganismicgeneratesicinicreactionicto
NikolaasicTinbergenic(1907-1988)ic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔Dutchicevolutionaryicbiologist,icdevelopedicfourictypesicoficquestionsictoicanalyze
mechanistic,icdevelopmental,icsurvivalicvalue,icevolutionary/phylogenetic
Mechanisticicquestionsic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔answeredicbyicdescribingichowicanicanimalicisicbiologicallyicorganizedicandicequip
Whaticstimuliicelicitsicbehavior?
Howicdoesicanicanimalicphysiologicallyicrespond?
Developmentalicquestionsic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔concernsichowictheicbehavioricchangesicdueictoicma
howicdoesicbehavioricchangeicasicanimalicmatures?
howicdoicinfluencesiconicdevelopmenticaffecticbehavioricinicadulthood?
Survivalicvalueicquestionsic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔howicdoesicbehavioricaffecticreproductionicandicsurvi
Evolutionary/Phylogeneticicquestionsic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔howicdoesicbehavioricvaryicacrossictheicp
whenicdidictheicbehavioricfirsticappearicinictheicspecies?
Proximateicanalysisic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔analysisicbasediconicaskingicquestionsicthaticfocusiconicimm
mechanisticicandicdevelopmentalicquestions
Ultimateicanalysisic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔analysisicbasediconicaskingicquestionsicthaticrelateictoictheice
survivalicvalueicandicdevelopmentalicforces
KonradicLorenzic(1903-1989)ic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔researchericwhoicfocusediconiccriticalicattachmenticperiodsicinicbabyicbirds,icaicco
KarlicvonicFrischic(1886-1982)ic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔Austrianicethologisticwhoicpioneeredicstudiesicinicbeeiccommunicationicandicforag
Demonstratedicthatichoneyicbeesichaveiccoloricvision.
Honeyicbeesicuseicaicdanceiclanguageictoiccommunicateictheiclocationicoficresourcesictoicothericbees.
, inictheicrandomictreatment,iccuesicwereicnoticconsistentlyicpairedicwithiceithericdiet
learningicgrasshoppersichadicaichighericproportionicoficvisitsictoictheicbalancedicdieticdishicthanicthoseicin
muchicfastericthanictheicrandomicgrasshoppers
randomicgrasshoppersiceventuallyicpreferredictheicbalancedicdiet,icbuticitictookicmoreictrials
culturalictransmissionicinicNorwayicbrownicratsicscavengingic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔demonstratoricratsicwereicexposedictoicaiccertainicflavoricoficfood,icandicthenicputic
theicobservericbeganictoicpreferictheicfoodicthatictheicdemonstratoricraticwasicexposedicto
empiricalicapproachictoicethologyic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔analysisicbasediconicobservationicandicexperi
ex)ichowictheicpresenceicoficaicpredatoryichawkicaffectsictheicbehavioricoficredwingicblackbirdsiccanicbeici
wkicinicwetlandichabitaticoficredwingsicandicobserving
conceptualicapproachictoicethologyic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔puttingicdisparateicideasictogether
WDicHamiltonicputictogetherictheicideasicofickinshipicandicnaturalicselectionictogetherictoiccreateickinicsel
kinicselectionic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔aicspecificictypeicoficnaturalicselectionicwhereictheicbehaviorsicthaticareicpromoted
cothericrelatedicindividuals)icthriveicthroughiccareicandicprotection
theoreticalicapproachictoicethologyic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔example:icmathematicalicoptimalityictheory
theicvalueicoficaicfawnichuntedicbyicaiccheetahiccanicbeicmathematicallyicmodeledicbyicassigningicvalues
ting
artificialicselectionic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔selectiveicbreedingicoficplantsicandicanimalsictoicpromoteictheicoccurrenceicoficde
artificialicselectionicinicdomesticatingicsilvericfoxesic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔RussianicscientistsicDmitriicBelyaevicandicLyudmilaicTruticartificiallyicselectedicfo
silvericfoxesicinicorderictoicmakeiciticeasierictoicproduceicfoxicfur
theyicfoundicthaticselectingicforicaicbehavioralictraiticcanicalsoicimpacticotherictraits,icsuchicasiccoaticcolori
naturalicselectionicoficgroupichuntingicinicAfricanicwildicdogsic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔individualicwildicdogsichuntingicinicpacksichighichighicforagingicsuccessicratesicfor
ericmayichaveiclowicforagingicsuccessicratesicwhenichuntingiclargeicpreyic>icnaturalicselectionicfavorsicaic
theicgreaterictheicfitnessicbenefit,ictheicfewericgenerationsiciticwillictakeicbeforeictheicbehavioricreachesic1
prerequisitesicforicnaturalicselectionic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔theictraiticmusticvaryicamongicindividualsicin
traiticvariationsicmustichaveicdifferenticfitnessicconsequences
theictraiticmusticbeicheritable
adaptationic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔theictraiticassociatedicwithichighesticrelativeicfitnessicinicaicspecificice
adaptationicoficanti-predatoricbehavioricinicguppiesic-
icCORRECTicANS✔✔aticlowicpredationicsites,icfemalesicproduceicfew,iclargeicoffspring
atichighicpredationicsite,icfemalesicproduceicmany,icsmallicoffspring
atichighicpredationicsites,icfishic(generally)icformiclargericschools,icincreaseicinicinspectionicandicpredato
nicnearicsurfaceicandicseekiccovericaticedgeicoficriver
whenicguppiesicswitchicpredationicsites,ictheyicwillicadaptictheiricbehaviorictoictheicpredationicpressure
spatialiclearningicinicvolesic-icCORRECTicANS✔✔meadowicvolesicareicpolygamous;icprairieicvolesicare
inicmeadowicvoles,icmalesichaveicmuchiclargerichomeicrangesicthanicfemalesicandicthereicisicsignificantic
yicsex;icmalesichaveiclargerichippocampalicvolumeicandicgreatericamounticoficdendriticicspines
inicprairieicvoles,icthereicisiclittleicdifferenceicinichomeicrangeicoricspatialiclearningicbyicsex
