, Solutions Manual for An Introduction to
Statistical Concepts, 4e Debbie Hahs-Vaughn,
Richard Lomax (All Chapters Answers at the
end of each Chapter)
PROBLEMS
Conceptual Problems
1. A mental health counselor is conducting a research study on satisfaction
that married couples have with their marriage. “Marital status” (e.g.,
single, married, divorced, widowed), in this scenario, is which one of the
following?
a. Constant
b. Variable
2. Belle randomly samples 100 library patrons and gathers data on the genre of the
"first book" that they checked out from the library. She finds that 85 library
patrons checked out a fiction book and 15 library patrons checked out a non-
fiction book. Which of the following best characterizes the type of "first book"
checked out in this study?
a. Constant
b. Variable
3. For interval level variables, which of the following properties does not apply?
a. "A" is two units greater than ‘B’
b. "A" is greater than ‘B’
c. "A" is twice as good as ‘B’
d. "A" differs from ‘B’
4. Which of the following properties is appropriate for ordinal, but not for nominal
variables?
a. "A" differs from ‘B’
b. "A" is greater than ‘B’
c. "A" is ten units greater than ‘B’
d. "A" is twice as good as ‘B’
5. Which scale of measurement is implied by the following statement: “JoAnn’s
score is three times greater than Oscar’s score?”
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
,6. Which scale of measurement is produced the following survey item: "Which
season do you prefer to spend your time? Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter?"
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
7. A band director collects data on the number of years in which students in the
band have played a musical instrument. Which scale of measurement is
implied by this scenario?
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
8. Kristen has an IQ of 120. I assert that Kristen is 20% more intelligent than
the average person having an IQ of 100. Am I correct?
9. Population is to parameter as sample is to statistic. True or false?
10. A dichotomous variable is also a categorical variable. True or false?
11. The amount of time spent studying in one week for a population of students is
an inferential statistic. True or false?
12. A sample of 50 students take an exam and the instructor decides to give the
top 5 scores a bonus of 5 points. Compared to the original set of scores (no
bonus), will the ranks of the new set of scores (including bonus) be exactly the
same?
13. Malani and Laila have class ranks of 5 and 6. Ingrid and Toomas have class ranks
of 55 and
56. Will the GPAs of Malani and Laila be the same distance apart as the GPAs of
Ingrid and Toomas?
14. Aurora is studying sleep disorders in adults. She gathers data on whether or
not they take medication to assist their sleep. Aurora finds that 1/3 of the
adults take medication, and 2/3 do not. Which of the following best
characterizes "whether or not medication is taken?"
a. Constant
b. Variable
15. A researcher has collected data that compares an intervention program to a
comparison program. The researcher finds that the intervention program
produces results that are four times better than the comparison program.
Which measurement scale is implied and that will allow the researcher to
make this type of interpretation? Select all that apply.
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
, 16. A researcher has access to 22 local health clinics which are part of a network
of 56 health clinics in the state. The researcher conducts a study which
includes the 22 regional health clinics. In this scenario, the 22 local health
clinics are which one of the following?
a. Dichotomous
b. Interval
c. Sample
d. Population
17. A researcher has access to 22 regional health clinics which are part of a
network of 56 health clinics in the state. The researcher conducts a study
which includes the 22 regional health clinics. In this scenario, the 56 health
clinics in the state are which one of the following?
a. Dichotomous
b. Interval
c. Sample
d. Population
18. Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous variable?
a. Dance type (ballet, contemporary, jazz, lyrical, tap)
b. Interest (no interest, somewhat interested, much interest)
c. Total cost (measured in whole dollars ranging from $0 to infinity)
d. Age (ages <40 and ages 40+)
19. Which of the following is an example of an ordinal variable?
a. Dance type (ballet, contemporary, jazz, lyrical, tap)
b. Interest (no interest, somewhat interested, much interest)
c. Total cost (measured in whole dollars ranging from $0 to infinity)
d. Age (ages <40 and ages 40+)
20. Which of the following is an example of a ratio variable?
a. Scores on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality inventory
b. Number of pieces of cake eaten at birthday parties (measured in whole
numbers)
c. Pleasure experienced on vacation (none, some, much)
d. Types of plants preferred by homeowners (bushes, flowers, grasses, trees)
Statistical Concepts, 4e Debbie Hahs-Vaughn,
Richard Lomax (All Chapters Answers at the
end of each Chapter)
PROBLEMS
Conceptual Problems
1. A mental health counselor is conducting a research study on satisfaction
that married couples have with their marriage. “Marital status” (e.g.,
single, married, divorced, widowed), in this scenario, is which one of the
following?
a. Constant
b. Variable
2. Belle randomly samples 100 library patrons and gathers data on the genre of the
"first book" that they checked out from the library. She finds that 85 library
patrons checked out a fiction book and 15 library patrons checked out a non-
fiction book. Which of the following best characterizes the type of "first book"
checked out in this study?
a. Constant
b. Variable
3. For interval level variables, which of the following properties does not apply?
a. "A" is two units greater than ‘B’
b. "A" is greater than ‘B’
c. "A" is twice as good as ‘B’
d. "A" differs from ‘B’
4. Which of the following properties is appropriate for ordinal, but not for nominal
variables?
a. "A" differs from ‘B’
b. "A" is greater than ‘B’
c. "A" is ten units greater than ‘B’
d. "A" is twice as good as ‘B’
5. Which scale of measurement is implied by the following statement: “JoAnn’s
score is three times greater than Oscar’s score?”
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
,6. Which scale of measurement is produced the following survey item: "Which
season do you prefer to spend your time? Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter?"
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
7. A band director collects data on the number of years in which students in the
band have played a musical instrument. Which scale of measurement is
implied by this scenario?
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
8. Kristen has an IQ of 120. I assert that Kristen is 20% more intelligent than
the average person having an IQ of 100. Am I correct?
9. Population is to parameter as sample is to statistic. True or false?
10. A dichotomous variable is also a categorical variable. True or false?
11. The amount of time spent studying in one week for a population of students is
an inferential statistic. True or false?
12. A sample of 50 students take an exam and the instructor decides to give the
top 5 scores a bonus of 5 points. Compared to the original set of scores (no
bonus), will the ranks of the new set of scores (including bonus) be exactly the
same?
13. Malani and Laila have class ranks of 5 and 6. Ingrid and Toomas have class ranks
of 55 and
56. Will the GPAs of Malani and Laila be the same distance apart as the GPAs of
Ingrid and Toomas?
14. Aurora is studying sleep disorders in adults. She gathers data on whether or
not they take medication to assist their sleep. Aurora finds that 1/3 of the
adults take medication, and 2/3 do not. Which of the following best
characterizes "whether or not medication is taken?"
a. Constant
b. Variable
15. A researcher has collected data that compares an intervention program to a
comparison program. The researcher finds that the intervention program
produces results that are four times better than the comparison program.
Which measurement scale is implied and that will allow the researcher to
make this type of interpretation? Select all that apply.
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio
, 16. A researcher has access to 22 local health clinics which are part of a network
of 56 health clinics in the state. The researcher conducts a study which
includes the 22 regional health clinics. In this scenario, the 22 local health
clinics are which one of the following?
a. Dichotomous
b. Interval
c. Sample
d. Population
17. A researcher has access to 22 regional health clinics which are part of a
network of 56 health clinics in the state. The researcher conducts a study
which includes the 22 regional health clinics. In this scenario, the 56 health
clinics in the state are which one of the following?
a. Dichotomous
b. Interval
c. Sample
d. Population
18. Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous variable?
a. Dance type (ballet, contemporary, jazz, lyrical, tap)
b. Interest (no interest, somewhat interested, much interest)
c. Total cost (measured in whole dollars ranging from $0 to infinity)
d. Age (ages <40 and ages 40+)
19. Which of the following is an example of an ordinal variable?
a. Dance type (ballet, contemporary, jazz, lyrical, tap)
b. Interest (no interest, somewhat interested, much interest)
c. Total cost (measured in whole dollars ranging from $0 to infinity)
d. Age (ages <40 and ages 40+)
20. Which of the following is an example of a ratio variable?
a. Scores on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality inventory
b. Number of pieces of cake eaten at birthday parties (measured in whole
numbers)
c. Pleasure experienced on vacation (none, some, much)
d. Types of plants preferred by homeowners (bushes, flowers, grasses, trees)
