Adv Patho pharm NCLEX Genetics
Final Exam And 100% Correct
Answers 2025\2026 Edition.
A 35-year-old pregnant patient expresses concern to the nurse about the potential for cystic
fibrosis in her children. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
1 Tell her that she needs to discuss the issue with a genetic counselor.
2 Inform her about the at-home genetic test kits available in the market.
3 Explain to her how to take the sample and mail it back to the laboratory.
4 Educate her on how to read and interpret the results of the genetic test. - Answer The nurse
should tell the patient to discuss the issue of genetic testing with her health care provider or a
genetic counselor. Without appropriate counseling, there are chances that the patient could be
misled or misinformed by the results of unproven or invalid tests, resulting in wrong decisions.
The nurse should not encourage self-directed testing. The sample may not be properly collected
when self-testing at home. A health care provider should be consulted so that important
decisions can be made based on accurate information.
Text Reference - p. 197
A patient with hemophilia comes to the clinic for his general health check-up. He tells the nurse
that he is planning to start a family. The patient asks, "Do I need to take any precautions to
prevent my child from acquiring this disease?" Which is the most appropriate nursing response?
1 "No specific precautions need to be taken; your child will not get this disease from you."
2 "Hemophilia is not a genetic disorder; it cannot be passed on from one generation to
another."
3 "Your female partner should be checked to see if she is a carrier of the same disorder."
4 "You should take specific medications to prevent your child from being affected by this
disorder." - Answer 3
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. If the male has this condition and the female
partner is a carrier of the genetic mutation causing hemophilia, the child will have hemophilia,
too. Therefore, it is extremely important to check whether the female partner is a carrier.
Hemophilia is a genetic disease and can pass from one generation to another. Taking specific
medications will not reduce the chances of the child inheriting hemophilia.
Text Reference - p. 193
A patient has been found to test positive for a genetic mutation. The nurse recognizes that
which of these statements is true? Select all that apply.
,5 The patient should not have any children or any additional children - Answer A positive test
result means that the laboratory found a change in a particular gene, chromosome, or protein
that was being tested. Depending on the purpose of the test, this result may confirm a diagnosis
(e.g., Huntington's disease), indicate that a person is a carrier of a particular genetic mutation
(e.g., cystic fibrosis), identify an increased risk of developing a disease (e.g., breast cancer), or
suggest a need for further testing. In addition, a positive test cannot predict the course or
severity of a condition. There is no indication the disease will become severe. Other family
members could also be at risk of developing the disease. There is nothing to indicate the patient
should not have children.
Text Reference - p. 10
The concept of multifactorial genetic disorders is discussed during a class session about genetic
disorders. What characterizes multifactorial genetic disorders? Select all that apply.
1 Genetic testing available for most multifactorial disorders.
2 They commonly are caused by single gene alterations.
3 Multifactorial conditions include diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancer.
4 Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
5 These disorders commonly are related to X-linked disorders. - Answer 3 & 4
Multifactorial inherited conditions are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental
factors. These disorders run in families but do not show the same inherited characteristics as
the single gene mutation conditions. Multifactorial conditions include diabetes mellitus, obesity,
hypertension, cancer, and coronary artery disease. They are not related to X-linked disorders,
and genetic testing generally is not available for multifactorial disorders.
Text Reference - p. 194
The nurse recalls that there are three copies of chromosomes, instead of two, in which genetic
disorder?
1 Cystic fibrosis
2 Down syndrome
3 Sickle cell disease
4 Polycystic kidney disease - Answer In Down syndrome, there are three copies of
chromosomes instead of two. It is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Cystic fibrosis,
sickle cell disease, and polycystic kidney disease are caused by a single gene mutation.
Text Reference - p. 194
A nurse is caring for a patient with Down syndrome and recalls that the patient has what
chromosomal abnormality?
,4 Trisomy 9 - Answer 3
Chromosomal disorders are caused by structural changes within the chromosomes or by an
excess or deficiency of the genes that are located on the chromosomes. Down syndrome is a
chromosomal disorder. It is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (called trisomy 21).
Down syndrome is not caused by Trisomy of chromosomes 22, 23, and 9.
Text Reference - p. 195
A newborn baby is diagnosed with Down syndrome. The health care provider tells the parents
that it is a genetic disorder. While explaining the disorder to the parents, which is the most
appropriate statement for the nurse to include?
1 "It occurs due to the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 in the cell."
2 "This condition occurs due to an excess of genes present in chromosome 21."
3 "This condition occurs due to an abnormality in the usual sequence of DNA in chromosome
21."
4 "It occurs due to the absence of a gene in chromosome 21." - Answer 1
Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that is caused by the presence of an extra copy of
chromosome 21, also called trisomy 21. Therefore, there are three copies of this chromosome
instead of two. The condition may cause mental and physical growth retardation. There is no
abnormality (deficiency or excess) in the number of genes present in chromosome 21. There is
no structural abnormality in the genes present in chromosome 21. No individual gene is absent
in chromosome 21.
Text Reference - p. 195
The nurse recalls that which structures or cells in the human body contain only a single copy of
each chromosome?
1 Red blood cells
2 Stem cells
3 Oocytes
4 Hair follicles - Answer 3
Chromosomes are generally present in the cells in pairs, whereas oocytes and sperm contain
only a single copy of each chromosome. Red blood cells, stem cells, and hair follicle cells have a
duplicate of each chromosome in their nucleus.
Text Reference - p. 192
A nurse is discussing basic genetics with a patient. The nurse knows that the basic unit of
heredity information is located on what specific part of a chromosome?
, The basic unit of heredity information located on a specific part of a chromosome is called a
gene. Traits refer to physical characteristics that one inherits from parents. The locus is a
position of a gene on a chromosome. An allele is an alternative form of a gene.
Text Reference - p. 191
A man has an X-linked recessive disorder; his wife has a normal genotype. He asks the nurse,
"Will this disorder be passed to my children?" Which answer is correct?
1 "Your male children will be carriers of this disorder."
2 "All of your children will be carriers of this disorder."
3 "Your female children will be carriers of this disorder."
4 "This genetic disorder will not be passed on to any of your children." - Answer 3
X-linked recessive disorders are caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. A normal female
mating with an affected male will pass the carrier state to their female children only. Male
children will be normal. See Table 13-2. Male children will not be carriers, they will be normal.
Only female children are carriers; not all of the children will be affected. The nurse should not
give false reassurance that the disorder will not be passed on to any of the children.
Text Reference - p. 194
A nurse educator explains genetic mutations to a group of nursing students. While explaining
germline mutation, which statement given by the nurse is most appropriate?
1 It is passed from parents to their children.
2 It is caused by exposure to toxins.
3 It results in the mutation of two gene pairs in a single chromosome.
4 It is not inherited but is developed by a person during his lifetime. - Answer 1
Germline mutations are passed from parents to children. Germline mutations are inherited and
are not caused by exposure to toxins. Autosomal recessive disorders are caused by mutations
occurring in two gene pairs on a chromosome. Acquired mutation can develop in a person and
can occur anytime during his lifetime; it cannot be passed from one generation to the next.
Text Reference - p. 193
A 5-year-old girl was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mother says that no one else
in her family has diabetes, and asks why her daughter would get it. How should the nurse
explain this complex disease?
1 It is a congenital disorder that she was born with.
2 It is a single gene disorder, meaning only one gene mutation caused the disease.
Final Exam And 100% Correct
Answers 2025\2026 Edition.
A 35-year-old pregnant patient expresses concern to the nurse about the potential for cystic
fibrosis in her children. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
1 Tell her that she needs to discuss the issue with a genetic counselor.
2 Inform her about the at-home genetic test kits available in the market.
3 Explain to her how to take the sample and mail it back to the laboratory.
4 Educate her on how to read and interpret the results of the genetic test. - Answer The nurse
should tell the patient to discuss the issue of genetic testing with her health care provider or a
genetic counselor. Without appropriate counseling, there are chances that the patient could be
misled or misinformed by the results of unproven or invalid tests, resulting in wrong decisions.
The nurse should not encourage self-directed testing. The sample may not be properly collected
when self-testing at home. A health care provider should be consulted so that important
decisions can be made based on accurate information.
Text Reference - p. 197
A patient with hemophilia comes to the clinic for his general health check-up. He tells the nurse
that he is planning to start a family. The patient asks, "Do I need to take any precautions to
prevent my child from acquiring this disease?" Which is the most appropriate nursing response?
1 "No specific precautions need to be taken; your child will not get this disease from you."
2 "Hemophilia is not a genetic disorder; it cannot be passed on from one generation to
another."
3 "Your female partner should be checked to see if she is a carrier of the same disorder."
4 "You should take specific medications to prevent your child from being affected by this
disorder." - Answer 3
Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder. If the male has this condition and the female
partner is a carrier of the genetic mutation causing hemophilia, the child will have hemophilia,
too. Therefore, it is extremely important to check whether the female partner is a carrier.
Hemophilia is a genetic disease and can pass from one generation to another. Taking specific
medications will not reduce the chances of the child inheriting hemophilia.
Text Reference - p. 193
A patient has been found to test positive for a genetic mutation. The nurse recognizes that
which of these statements is true? Select all that apply.
,5 The patient should not have any children or any additional children - Answer A positive test
result means that the laboratory found a change in a particular gene, chromosome, or protein
that was being tested. Depending on the purpose of the test, this result may confirm a diagnosis
(e.g., Huntington's disease), indicate that a person is a carrier of a particular genetic mutation
(e.g., cystic fibrosis), identify an increased risk of developing a disease (e.g., breast cancer), or
suggest a need for further testing. In addition, a positive test cannot predict the course or
severity of a condition. There is no indication the disease will become severe. Other family
members could also be at risk of developing the disease. There is nothing to indicate the patient
should not have children.
Text Reference - p. 10
The concept of multifactorial genetic disorders is discussed during a class session about genetic
disorders. What characterizes multifactorial genetic disorders? Select all that apply.
1 Genetic testing available for most multifactorial disorders.
2 They commonly are caused by single gene alterations.
3 Multifactorial conditions include diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancer.
4 Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
5 These disorders commonly are related to X-linked disorders. - Answer 3 & 4
Multifactorial inherited conditions are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental
factors. These disorders run in families but do not show the same inherited characteristics as
the single gene mutation conditions. Multifactorial conditions include diabetes mellitus, obesity,
hypertension, cancer, and coronary artery disease. They are not related to X-linked disorders,
and genetic testing generally is not available for multifactorial disorders.
Text Reference - p. 194
The nurse recalls that there are three copies of chromosomes, instead of two, in which genetic
disorder?
1 Cystic fibrosis
2 Down syndrome
3 Sickle cell disease
4 Polycystic kidney disease - Answer In Down syndrome, there are three copies of
chromosomes instead of two. It is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. Cystic fibrosis,
sickle cell disease, and polycystic kidney disease are caused by a single gene mutation.
Text Reference - p. 194
A nurse is caring for a patient with Down syndrome and recalls that the patient has what
chromosomal abnormality?
,4 Trisomy 9 - Answer 3
Chromosomal disorders are caused by structural changes within the chromosomes or by an
excess or deficiency of the genes that are located on the chromosomes. Down syndrome is a
chromosomal disorder. It is caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 (called trisomy 21).
Down syndrome is not caused by Trisomy of chromosomes 22, 23, and 9.
Text Reference - p. 195
A newborn baby is diagnosed with Down syndrome. The health care provider tells the parents
that it is a genetic disorder. While explaining the disorder to the parents, which is the most
appropriate statement for the nurse to include?
1 "It occurs due to the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 in the cell."
2 "This condition occurs due to an excess of genes present in chromosome 21."
3 "This condition occurs due to an abnormality in the usual sequence of DNA in chromosome
21."
4 "It occurs due to the absence of a gene in chromosome 21." - Answer 1
Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that is caused by the presence of an extra copy of
chromosome 21, also called trisomy 21. Therefore, there are three copies of this chromosome
instead of two. The condition may cause mental and physical growth retardation. There is no
abnormality (deficiency or excess) in the number of genes present in chromosome 21. There is
no structural abnormality in the genes present in chromosome 21. No individual gene is absent
in chromosome 21.
Text Reference - p. 195
The nurse recalls that which structures or cells in the human body contain only a single copy of
each chromosome?
1 Red blood cells
2 Stem cells
3 Oocytes
4 Hair follicles - Answer 3
Chromosomes are generally present in the cells in pairs, whereas oocytes and sperm contain
only a single copy of each chromosome. Red blood cells, stem cells, and hair follicle cells have a
duplicate of each chromosome in their nucleus.
Text Reference - p. 192
A nurse is discussing basic genetics with a patient. The nurse knows that the basic unit of
heredity information is located on what specific part of a chromosome?
, The basic unit of heredity information located on a specific part of a chromosome is called a
gene. Traits refer to physical characteristics that one inherits from parents. The locus is a
position of a gene on a chromosome. An allele is an alternative form of a gene.
Text Reference - p. 191
A man has an X-linked recessive disorder; his wife has a normal genotype. He asks the nurse,
"Will this disorder be passed to my children?" Which answer is correct?
1 "Your male children will be carriers of this disorder."
2 "All of your children will be carriers of this disorder."
3 "Your female children will be carriers of this disorder."
4 "This genetic disorder will not be passed on to any of your children." - Answer 3
X-linked recessive disorders are caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. A normal female
mating with an affected male will pass the carrier state to their female children only. Male
children will be normal. See Table 13-2. Male children will not be carriers, they will be normal.
Only female children are carriers; not all of the children will be affected. The nurse should not
give false reassurance that the disorder will not be passed on to any of the children.
Text Reference - p. 194
A nurse educator explains genetic mutations to a group of nursing students. While explaining
germline mutation, which statement given by the nurse is most appropriate?
1 It is passed from parents to their children.
2 It is caused by exposure to toxins.
3 It results in the mutation of two gene pairs in a single chromosome.
4 It is not inherited but is developed by a person during his lifetime. - Answer 1
Germline mutations are passed from parents to children. Germline mutations are inherited and
are not caused by exposure to toxins. Autosomal recessive disorders are caused by mutations
occurring in two gene pairs on a chromosome. Acquired mutation can develop in a person and
can occur anytime during his lifetime; it cannot be passed from one generation to the next.
Text Reference - p. 193
A 5-year-old girl was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mother says that no one else
in her family has diabetes, and asks why her daughter would get it. How should the nurse
explain this complex disease?
1 It is a congenital disorder that she was born with.
2 It is a single gene disorder, meaning only one gene mutation caused the disease.
