CEN PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+recent version

CEN PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+recent version 1) A patient presents with chest pain. The nurse performs a 12-lead electrocardiogram that reveals an abnormal Q wave. What does the nurse suspect? A current injury An old infarction An acute infarction Ischemia - ANSWER An old infarction 2) A patient is brought to the ED by emergency medical services with increased aggression and making clear homicidal threats. What immediate action will the nurse expect to promote staff and patient safety? Administration of antipsychotics One-to-one observation Place in a seclusion room Application of restraints - ANSWER Place in a seclusion room 3) A 28-year-old female presents with shortness of breath, dizziness, and diaphoresis. Her vital signs are BP 118/74 mm Hg, HR 122 beats/min, RR 26 breaths/min, T 37.7 C (99.9 F), SpO2 92% without supplemental oxygen. Her health history includes fractures of the left tibia and fibula following an MVC 3 weeks ago. Surgical fixation was required. Her only current medications are an oral contraceptive and intermittent ibuprofen for pain. Assessment of the casted left leg reveals that the toes are swollen. With this information, which diagnostic testing will the nurse expect as the highest priority? Sputum cultures Chest radiograph Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography Radiograph of the left leg - ANSWER Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography 4) A family of 10 presents to the ED with complaints of fever, muscle pain, and unexplained bruising ongoing for 7 days. After completing the screening, the nurse notes that the family recently traveled to Sierra Leone. What is the highest priority intervention the triage nurse needs to perform? Notify infection prevention Leave the family in the waiting room Evacuate the waiting room Inform those waiting that Ebola has been detected - ANSWER Notify infection prevention 5) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is characterized by which clinical manifestations? Ataxia, mental confusion, and ophthalmoplegia Delirium tremens, hyperthermia, and disorientation Tachycardia, tremors, and tachypnea Hypothermia, muscle rigidity, and bradycardia - ANSWER Ataxia, mental confusion, and ophthalmoplegia 6) A 35-year-old man presents with complaints of stomach pain that comes and goes for the past two weeks. The nurse asks additional questions about the nature of this pain and finds that it is relieved with antacids and he feels better after eating. The patient mentions that he had some similar pain about two years ago, but it stopped after about a month and he never sought care for it. This is most likely which type of gastrointestinal disorder? Cholecystitis Pancreatitis Duodenal ulcer Stress ulcer - ANSWER Duodenal ulcer 7) Which immunoglobulin is responsible for Type 1 allergic responses? IgA IgE IgG IgM - ANSWER IgE 8) A middle-aged male patient presents to the ED with complaint of fever. He is awake, alert, and in no acute distress. On arrival, vital signs are BP 118/58 mm Hg, HR 112 beats/min, RR 20 breaths/min, SpO2 95%, T 38.8 C (101.9 F). His medical history includes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and he is taking antiviral medications. Using a 5-level triage system, this patient would be triaged as which acuity level? Acuity Level 4 (non-urgent) Acuity Level 2 (emergent) Acuity Level 1 (life-threatening situation) Acuity Level 3 (urgent) - ANSWER Acuity Level 2 (emergent) 9) An 84-year-old male with a decreased level of consciousness presents to the emergency department from a nursing home. The patient has a history of hypertension, gout, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He is allergic to penicillin. Current medications include docusate, albuterol inhaler, colchicine, and metoprolol. Vital signs on arrival are BP 78/48 mm Hg, HR 60 beats/min, RR 28 breaths/min, T 35.3 C (95.6 F), and SpO2 92% without supplemental oxygen. Which type of shock do these clinical manifestations represent? Obstructive Septic Anaphylactic Hypovolemic - ANSWER Septic 10) A 56-year-old female presents to the emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain for 5 days. The patient was involved in a motor vehicle crash, but did not feel that she needed to come to the emergency department. Upon examination, the patient has no active bowel sounds and the abdomen is rigid. The patient has which gastrointestinal emergency? Peritonitis Diverticulitis Intestinal obstruction Esophageal obstruction - ANSWER Peritonitis 11) A patient, who was successfully defibrillated, now has an irregular rhythm at 86 beats/min. The patient remains unresponsive, with absent central pulses. These findings are associated with which condition? Ruptured aortic aneurysm Pulseless electrical activity Pericardial tamponade Coarse ventricular fibrillation - ANSWER Pulseless electrical activity 12) An adolescent playing basketball felt a pop in her heel after a jump shot, and a sharp pain in her heel as she landed. She is unable to stand on the ball of her foot. Which injury do these clinical manifestations most likely represent? Calcaneous fracture Achilles tendon rupture Ankle strain Metatarsal fracture - ANSWER Achilles tendon rupture 13) A patient arrives after getting a hand caught in a machine, peeling the skin away and exposing underlying structures. What injury does this represent? Hematoma Avulsion Laceration Abrasion - ANSWER Avulsion 14) The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a patient with asthma. Which of the following statements indicates understanding from the patient? I should avoid air conditioning if I begin having symptoms I'm going to wash my bed linen once a week in hot water. To get a baseline peak expiratory flow, I'll do it right before I use my inhaler. My son uses a spacer, but since I'm an adult and can coordinate the inhaler, I don't need one. - ANSWER I'm going to wash my bed linen once a week in hot water. 15) Discharge instructions are given to a patient with a prescription for phenazopyridine. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the medication's side effects? My urine will have an orange discoloration. I can continue to take it even if I develop a rash. This medication does not have any side effects. I may gain weight while taking this medication. - ANSWER My urine will have an orange discoloration. 16) A patient presents to the ED stating he had been hit in the right eye with a glass bottle two days ago. On assessment, the eye is reddened, tearing, and there is an irregular pupil. Which ocular emergency is associated with these assessment findings? Retinal detachment Hyphema Foreign body Iritis - ANSWER Iritis 17) babinski sign - ANSWER the toes flex upward when sole of foot is stimulated, indicating motor nerve damage 18) Guillain Barre Syndrome - ANSWER ascending muscle weakness, auto immune disease, progresses over 4 weeks, starts with tingling in extremities, decreased deep tendon reflexes 19) My asthemia Gravis - ANSWER progressive weakness due to a shortage of acetylcholine receptors, autoimmune, muscle fatigue, dysphagia, resp paralysis 20) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - ANSWER degeneration of upper/lower motor neurons, no sensory changes 21) epidural hematoma - ANSWER collection of blood between skull and dura mater brief LOC, lucid interval followed by 2nd LOC, ipsilateral pupillary dilatation, contralateral hemiparesis 22) Reticular Activating system - ANSWER Pathway running through the medulla and pons that regulates alertness and arousal, sleep wake transitions 23) Brown Sequard syndrome - ANSWER hemi section of spinal cord, usually r/t gun or knife wound, ipsilateral paralysis