TESTBANK h
ACONCISEINTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
h h h h h h
Patrick J. Hurley
h h
,Chapter 1 Test A
h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and h h h h h h h h h h
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
h h h h h h h h
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. h h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. h h h h h h h h h
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. h h h h
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 2 h h
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
situation.
h
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. h h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. h h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices h h h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E h PTS: 2 h h
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
h h h h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. h h h h h h h h h h h h h
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay. h h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. h h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A h PTS: 2 h h
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
women.
h
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. h h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 2 h h
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
pay-per-click ads.
h h
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. h h h h h h h h h
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: E h PTS: 2 h h
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. h h h h h h h h
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 2 h h
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. h h h h h h h h h
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: A h PTS: 2 h h
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
processing.
h
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. h h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. h h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 2 h h
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. h h h h h h h h h
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. h h h h h h h h
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more would
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
have been exonerated?
h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. h h h h h h h h h h h h
3
ACONCISEINTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
h h h h h h
Patrick J. Hurley
h h
,Chapter 1 Test A
h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and h h h h h h h h h h
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
h h h h h h h h
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant. h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women. h h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less. h h h h h h h h h
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other metals in
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure (which can
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production (which can lead
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. h h h h
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information. h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 2 h h
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
situation.
h
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely. h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. h h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation. h h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices h h h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E h PTS: 2 h h
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
h h h h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live. h h h h h h h h h h h h h
1
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay. h h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax. h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes. h h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A h PTS: 2 h h
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
women.
h
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." h h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups. h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women. h h h h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced. h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in prison. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 2 h h
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are criminal
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in committing identity
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers to visit
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
pay-per-click ads.
h h
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs. h h h h h h h h h
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: E h PTS: 2 h h
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made through the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space. h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. h h h h h h h h
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere. h h h h h h h h
ANS: C h PTS: 2 h h
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, communities
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medicines can be
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed. h h h h h h h h h
2
, e. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted ... will be averted. h h h h h h h h h h
ANS: A h PTS: 2 h h
9. Humans are biological organisms. To understand our behavior and mental processes, we need to
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
understand their biological underpinnings, starting with the cellular level, the neuron. How we feel,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
learn, remember, and think all stem from neuronal activity. So, how a neuron works and how neurons
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
communicate are crucial pieces of information in solving the puzzle of human behavior and mental
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
processing.
h
Richard Griggs, Psychology: A Concise Introduction h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: To understand our behavior ... the neuron. h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Humans are biological organisms. h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: How we feel ... neuronal activity. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: How a neuron works ... mental processing. h h h h h h h h
e. Nonargument.
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
10. Viruses are acellular entities too small to be seen with a light microscope. They are composed of a nucleic
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
acid and a few proteins. Viruses replicate themselves and display other properties of living organisms
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
only when they have invaded living cells. Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized and stored in a
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
container on a shelf for years, but they retain the capacity to invade cells and cause disease.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
Jacquelyn C. Black, Microbiology: Principles and Explorations h h h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: They are composed of a nucleic acid and a few proteins. h h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Viruses are acellular entities ... microscope. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: Indeed, some viruses can be crystallized ... cause disease. h h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: Viruses replicate themselves ... invaded living cells. h h h h h h h h
ANS: B h PTS: 2 h h
11. Harnessing the clean, abundant energy of the sun and wind is critical to solving the global warming
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
problem. Technological advances have brought the cost of electricity generated by the wind down by 82
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
percent since 1981. Solar energy technology has made remarkable progress as new photovoltaic cells
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
have been developed to convert even greater amounts of sunlight directly into electricity. Today the costs
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
of wind and solar power are becoming competitive with dirty coal-fired plants.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
Sierra Club, "Global Warming Solutions" h h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: Today the costs of wind ... dirty coal-fired plants. h h h h h h h h h h
b. Argument; conclusion: Technological advances ... by 82 percent since 1981. h h h h h h h h h
c. Argument; conclusion: Harnessing the clean ... the global warming problem. h h h h h h h h h
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Solar energy technology ... directly into electricity. h h h h h h h h
ANS: D h PTS: 2 h h
12. It is likely that innocent prisoners in this country have been executed for crimes they did not commit. From
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
1973 until 2007, 124 death row inmates have been exonerated. In many of these cases DNA evidence
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
played a crucial role. Yet, in that same time frame, more than 1000 prisoners were executed. For many of
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
these prisoners no DNA evidence was available. If such evidence had been available, how may more would
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
have been exonerated?
h h h
a. Argument; conclusion: In many of these cases ... played a crucial role. h h h h h h h h h h h
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: From 1973 ... have been exonerated. h h h h h h h
d. Argument; conclusion: For many of these prisoners ... was available. h h h h h h h h h
e. Argument; conclusion: It is likely that innocent prisoners ... they did not commit. h h h h h h h h h h h h
3
