CE 3700 Final Exam
IN the U.S. there are __ million miles of road. ___ million are asphalt/concrete, ___
million are gravel, ___ million are un-surfaced - 4; 2.3, 1.3, 0.4
___ percent of hard surfaced roads are asphalt - 96
____ percent of vehicle travel occurs on hard surfaces - 95
ASTM - American Society of Testing Materials
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials
Synonym for HMA: _____ paving mixtures - bituminous
__-__% of HMA weight is due to asphalt. __-__% of HMA volume is due to asphalt - 5-
8; 15-25
Asphalt Cement:
-______ material
-Naturally occurring
-Produced by ______ _____
-Excellent adhesive
-Waterproof? yes? no?
-Mainly used in ____ applications - cementitious
petroleum distillation
yes
paving
Tar
-Produced from ____ of ____
-Hazardous to health
-____ resistance - burning of coal
fuel
2 bituminous materials - asphalt and tar
2 Types of Commercial Asphalt Cement - Natural; petroleum-based
Natural commercial asphalt cement can be found in _____ and _____ - Trinidad and
Venezuela
3 Types of Asphalt - Asphalt cements, cutbacks, and emulsions
, Asphalt cements are generally ____ produced material - refinery
Cutbacks: Asphalt cements "cut" with _____ _____ - petroleum agents
Emulsions: Mixture of asphalt cement, ______, and _____ ______ - water and
emulsifying agents
At room temperature, asphalt cement is _____ and _____ at high temperatures - semi-
solid; liquid
Cutbacks:
-Rapid cure (ex. ______) is a ____ volatility of solvent
-Medium cure (ex. ____) is a ____ volatility of solvent
-Slow cure (ex. ______) is a ___ volatility of solvent - -RC: gasoline; high
-MC: kerosene; moderate
-SC: low viscosity oil; low volatility
_______ regulations are increasingly limiting the use of cutback asphalt (fumes) -
Environmental
Cutback asphalt is ____ at room temperature - liquid
Emulsion Asphalt: classified based off of _____
-Anionic
-____ charge
-Aggregate with + charge (ex. ____)
-Cationic
- _____ charge
- Aggregate with - charge (ex. ______) - emulsifier
negative; limestones
positive; silica gravel
Penetration Grading
-developed in ____
- 1 penetration=___ mm
-Done at room temperature
-In LA, regulation penetration # is
-Colder climates can use binder with ____ penetration #
-3 drawbacks - 1918
0.1 mm
empirical
40
higher
Results strictly empirical; only at one temp; rate of loading depends on tested material
IN the U.S. there are __ million miles of road. ___ million are asphalt/concrete, ___
million are gravel, ___ million are un-surfaced - 4; 2.3, 1.3, 0.4
___ percent of hard surfaced roads are asphalt - 96
____ percent of vehicle travel occurs on hard surfaces - 95
ASTM - American Society of Testing Materials
AASHTO - American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials
Synonym for HMA: _____ paving mixtures - bituminous
__-__% of HMA weight is due to asphalt. __-__% of HMA volume is due to asphalt - 5-
8; 15-25
Asphalt Cement:
-______ material
-Naturally occurring
-Produced by ______ _____
-Excellent adhesive
-Waterproof? yes? no?
-Mainly used in ____ applications - cementitious
petroleum distillation
yes
paving
Tar
-Produced from ____ of ____
-Hazardous to health
-____ resistance - burning of coal
fuel
2 bituminous materials - asphalt and tar
2 Types of Commercial Asphalt Cement - Natural; petroleum-based
Natural commercial asphalt cement can be found in _____ and _____ - Trinidad and
Venezuela
3 Types of Asphalt - Asphalt cements, cutbacks, and emulsions
, Asphalt cements are generally ____ produced material - refinery
Cutbacks: Asphalt cements "cut" with _____ _____ - petroleum agents
Emulsions: Mixture of asphalt cement, ______, and _____ ______ - water and
emulsifying agents
At room temperature, asphalt cement is _____ and _____ at high temperatures - semi-
solid; liquid
Cutbacks:
-Rapid cure (ex. ______) is a ____ volatility of solvent
-Medium cure (ex. ____) is a ____ volatility of solvent
-Slow cure (ex. ______) is a ___ volatility of solvent - -RC: gasoline; high
-MC: kerosene; moderate
-SC: low viscosity oil; low volatility
_______ regulations are increasingly limiting the use of cutback asphalt (fumes) -
Environmental
Cutback asphalt is ____ at room temperature - liquid
Emulsion Asphalt: classified based off of _____
-Anionic
-____ charge
-Aggregate with + charge (ex. ____)
-Cationic
- _____ charge
- Aggregate with - charge (ex. ______) - emulsifier
negative; limestones
positive; silica gravel
Penetration Grading
-developed in ____
- 1 penetration=___ mm
-Done at room temperature
-In LA, regulation penetration # is
-Colder climates can use binder with ____ penetration #
-3 drawbacks - 1918
0.1 mm
empirical
40
higher
Results strictly empirical; only at one temp; rate of loading depends on tested material
