PSYC 319 Developmental Differences &
Neurodiversity Exam Questions and Answers
How was left-handedness viewed in the 1800s? - ✅✅Left-handedness not seen
as a concern
Some negative stereotypes exist, but not seen as something that needed to be
fixed
How was left-handedness viewed in the 1900s? - ✅✅Left-handedness then
seen as non-normative, deviant
Associated with evil, mental disability, stubbornness
Parents and schools actively tried to prevent left-handedness
Why was there a sudden shift in how left-handedness was viewed? - ✅✅May
have been due to industrial revolution requiring machinery to be operated right-
handed, psychology may have influenced it by saying behaviour can be shaped
What was psychology's views on differences? - ✅✅Anything that differs from
the norm should be "shaped" back to the norm
When did left-handedness begin to become accepted again? - ✅✅In 60s-70s,
begin to shift away from negative views on left-handedness
What percentage of the world is left-handed? - ✅✅Very likely that 10% of the
world's population has always been left-handed
However, large drop in percentage during the early 1900s - shows stigma
, What is executive function? - ✅✅Mental processes to control, regulate
thought, emotion, behaviour
What are examples of executive function? - ✅✅Not automatically born with
good executive function
Develops over time
Thought to be shaped through experience: parents, school
What is the relationship between executive function performance and outcomes?
- ✅✅Research has linked performance on EF tasks with positive outcomes
Tend to get better grades, are better at coping with stress, handling multiple
activities at once
What is the marshmallow test? - ✅✅Used to predict executive function
Supposedly predicts positive outcomes over time
What has recent research on the marshmallow study shown? - ✅✅However,
recent research shows that performance on this test varies with cultural
difference
What did the marshmallow study on Cameroonian and German children show? -
✅✅Cameroonian children 2x as likely to wait for the marshmallow than the
German children
10% of the cameroonian children fell asleep during the delay, but 0% of the
German children did
Neurodiversity Exam Questions and Answers
How was left-handedness viewed in the 1800s? - ✅✅Left-handedness not seen
as a concern
Some negative stereotypes exist, but not seen as something that needed to be
fixed
How was left-handedness viewed in the 1900s? - ✅✅Left-handedness then
seen as non-normative, deviant
Associated with evil, mental disability, stubbornness
Parents and schools actively tried to prevent left-handedness
Why was there a sudden shift in how left-handedness was viewed? - ✅✅May
have been due to industrial revolution requiring machinery to be operated right-
handed, psychology may have influenced it by saying behaviour can be shaped
What was psychology's views on differences? - ✅✅Anything that differs from
the norm should be "shaped" back to the norm
When did left-handedness begin to become accepted again? - ✅✅In 60s-70s,
begin to shift away from negative views on left-handedness
What percentage of the world is left-handed? - ✅✅Very likely that 10% of the
world's population has always been left-handed
However, large drop in percentage during the early 1900s - shows stigma
, What is executive function? - ✅✅Mental processes to control, regulate
thought, emotion, behaviour
What are examples of executive function? - ✅✅Not automatically born with
good executive function
Develops over time
Thought to be shaped through experience: parents, school
What is the relationship between executive function performance and outcomes?
- ✅✅Research has linked performance on EF tasks with positive outcomes
Tend to get better grades, are better at coping with stress, handling multiple
activities at once
What is the marshmallow test? - ✅✅Used to predict executive function
Supposedly predicts positive outcomes over time
What has recent research on the marshmallow study shown? - ✅✅However,
recent research shows that performance on this test varies with cultural
difference
What did the marshmallow study on Cameroonian and German children show? -
✅✅Cameroonian children 2x as likely to wait for the marshmallow than the
German children
10% of the cameroonian children fell asleep during the delay, but 0% of the
German children did
