Protein Synthesis Exam Questions and
Answers
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
-nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
- double helix (2 strands)
- nitrogen bases A T C G
-NEVER leaves the nucleus
-holds the instructions for making proteins (which determine our traits)
RNA
-single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the
sugar ribose
-nitrogen bases A U C G
-Can be found in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, or the ribosomes
CHONP
The elements found in Nucleic Acids (and nucleotides) such as DNA and RNA
Nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
mRNA (messenger RNA)
RNA molecule, complementary to the original DNA strand, that carries
instructions from the DNA in the nucleus for the assembly of amino acids to the
rest of the cell (ribosomes specifically) so that proteins/traits can be made
codon
, three-nucleotide base sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino
acid
DNA replication
This process must occur before the cell can divide so each cell has a full copy of
DNA; Occurs in the S-phase of Interphase (DNA --> DNA)
translation
decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain of amino acids (protein)
from codons; Takes place in the cytoplasm/ribosomes
(RNA --> Amino Acid/Protein (Polypeptide)/Trait)
transcription
process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a
complementary sequence in mRNA; Takes place in nucleus. (DNA --> mRNA)
ribosome
a small organelle in the cell where proteins/polypeptides are assembled/made
nucleus
structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's
activities
golgi apparatus
Packages proteins in the cell
central dogma of protein synthesis
The basic concept that, in nature, genetic information generally can flow only
from DNA to RNA to PROTEIN
mutation
A change or mistake in the DNA sequence--There are a variety of different
types; Some are harmful, but some are not; Without them, we would have no
genetic variation
deletion mutation
Answers
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
-nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
- double helix (2 strands)
- nitrogen bases A T C G
-NEVER leaves the nucleus
-holds the instructions for making proteins (which determine our traits)
RNA
-single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the
sugar ribose
-nitrogen bases A U C G
-Can be found in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, or the ribosomes
CHONP
The elements found in Nucleic Acids (and nucleotides) such as DNA and RNA
Nucleotide
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
mRNA (messenger RNA)
RNA molecule, complementary to the original DNA strand, that carries
instructions from the DNA in the nucleus for the assembly of amino acids to the
rest of the cell (ribosomes specifically) so that proteins/traits can be made
codon
, three-nucleotide base sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino
acid
DNA replication
This process must occur before the cell can divide so each cell has a full copy of
DNA; Occurs in the S-phase of Interphase (DNA --> DNA)
translation
decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain of amino acids (protein)
from codons; Takes place in the cytoplasm/ribosomes
(RNA --> Amino Acid/Protein (Polypeptide)/Trait)
transcription
process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a
complementary sequence in mRNA; Takes place in nucleus. (DNA --> mRNA)
ribosome
a small organelle in the cell where proteins/polypeptides are assembled/made
nucleus
structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's
activities
golgi apparatus
Packages proteins in the cell
central dogma of protein synthesis
The basic concept that, in nature, genetic information generally can flow only
from DNA to RNA to PROTEIN
mutation
A change or mistake in the DNA sequence--There are a variety of different
types; Some are harmful, but some are not; Without them, we would have no
genetic variation
deletion mutation
