Protein Synthesis Exam Questions and
Answers
Central Dogma - ✅✅DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Nucleic Acids - ✅✅biomolecules that store & transmit genetic information
(DNA and RNA)
Nucleotide - ✅✅A building block of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
DNA - ✅✅deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains genetic information
RNA - ✅✅ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the
production of proteins
Protein - ✅✅A chains of amino acids and performs essential functions for a cell
or organism
Amino Acids - ✅✅building blocks of proteins
Polypeptides - ✅✅long chains of amino acids
How is RNA different from DNA? - ✅✅1) has a different sugar
2) contains Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T) as a base
3) typically single stranded
, What direction does DNA run? (HONORS) - ✅✅5' to 3', antiparallel
Antiparallel (HONORS) - ✅✅The opposite arrangement of the two sugar-
phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix
What are the 3 types of RNA? - ✅✅mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - ✅✅RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions
for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
Transfer RNA (tRNA) - ✅✅type of RNA molecule that brings amino acids to
ribosomes during protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - ✅✅type of RNA that combines with proteins to form
ribosomes
Transcription - ✅✅the making of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes? - ✅✅nucleus
RNA Polymerase - ✅✅enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA
nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
What are the 3 steps of mRNA processing? (HONORS) - ✅✅5' capping
Answers
Central Dogma - ✅✅DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Nucleic Acids - ✅✅biomolecules that store & transmit genetic information
(DNA and RNA)
Nucleotide - ✅✅A building block of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)
DNA - ✅✅deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains genetic information
RNA - ✅✅ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the
production of proteins
Protein - ✅✅A chains of amino acids and performs essential functions for a cell
or organism
Amino Acids - ✅✅building blocks of proteins
Polypeptides - ✅✅long chains of amino acids
How is RNA different from DNA? - ✅✅1) has a different sugar
2) contains Uracil (U) instead of Thymine (T) as a base
3) typically single stranded
, What direction does DNA run? (HONORS) - ✅✅5' to 3', antiparallel
Antiparallel (HONORS) - ✅✅The opposite arrangement of the two sugar-
phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix
What are the 3 types of RNA? - ✅✅mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - ✅✅RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions
for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
Transfer RNA (tRNA) - ✅✅type of RNA molecule that brings amino acids to
ribosomes during protein synthesis
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - ✅✅type of RNA that combines with proteins to form
ribosomes
Transcription - ✅✅the making of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes? - ✅✅nucleus
RNA Polymerase - ✅✅enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA
nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
What are the 3 steps of mRNA processing? (HONORS) - ✅✅5' capping
