ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2025/2026
autonomy versus shame/doubt stage - ANSWER This stage involves a child's
journey toward independence and decision-making
trust versus mistrust stage - ANSWER Infants learn to rely on caregivers for
their basic needs, fostering trust—while inconsistency in meeting these needs
can lead to mistrust, suspicion, and anxiety about their environment.
object permanence - ANSWER the understanding that something still exists
even though it cannot be seen or heard
Sensory Exploration - ANSWER involves activities that engage the senses—
touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste—helping children explore and understand
the world around them
sensorimotor stage - ANSWER Infants (0-2 years old) explore through senses
and actions, developing an understanding of object permanence and laying
cognitive foundations
Cognitive Transition - ANSWER The transition from the sensorimotor stage to
the preoperational stage is marked by mastery of object permanence,
recognition of themselves as separate from their environment, and the
realization that they can affect the objects and people around them.
Social Transition to Autonomy - shame vs doubt - ANSWER At about 18
months old, a child transitions from the crisis of trust-mistrust to the crisis of
autonomy-shame/doubt. This transition is marked by the desire to accomplish
daily tasks by themselves. When children feel safe trying tasks on their own,
even though they may not yet be capable, they
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