TESTBANK FOR mcCANCE AND HUETHER’S
h h h h
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults
h h h h h h h h
and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide 2024-2025
h h h h h h h
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
h h h h h h h h h
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
h h h h h h h h h
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
h h h h h h h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other h h h h h h h h h h h
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
h h h h h h h h h h h h
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 2 h h
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed h h h h h h h h h
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
information.
h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 2 h h
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
h p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to h h h h h h h h h
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use h h h h h h h h h h
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
h h h h h h h h h h
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
h h h h h h h h h h h h
the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are
h h h h h h h h h h h
involved in enzyme production.
h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 8 h h
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
h injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum h h
b. Golgi complex h d. Lysosomes h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D h
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful h h h h h h h h h h
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their leakage into the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PGs 7-8 h h
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
membrane.
h
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
membrane.
h
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
h h h h h h h h h h h h
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A h
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5 h h h h h
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
h h h h h h h h h
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cytoplasmic division.
h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 37 h h
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
h h h h h h h h h h
receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
h h h h h h h h h
active pumps?
h h
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances h h h h h h h h h h
moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels for various
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
and monosaccharides; and
h h h
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment.
h h h h h h h h h h h
The other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 13 | PG 15 h h h h h
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated h h h h h h h h h
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
human diseases?
h h
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders h h h
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders h h h
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders h h h
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders h h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for h h h h h h h h h h
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
h h h h h h h h h h
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
h h h h h h h h h
other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 15 h h h
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
h
h h h h h h h h h h
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains h c. Membrane channel proteins h h
b. Glycoprotein channels h d. Lipid bilayer
h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D h
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the h h h h h h h h h h h
plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
h h h h h h h h h h h
dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PGs 12-13 h h
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
h h h h
a. How a cell membrane functions h h h h
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid h h h h h h
c. How tissue is differentiated h h h
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
h h h h h h h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A h
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their h h h h h h h h h h h
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining options
h h h h h h h h h h
do not explain the mosaic model.
h h h h h h
h h h h
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biological Basis for Diseases in Adults
h h h h h h h h
and Children 9th Edition/All Chapters/Complete Guide 2024-2025
h h h h h h h
, Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
h h h
MULTIPLE CHOICE h
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
h h h h h h h h h
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
h h h h h h h h h
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
h h h h h h h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h
Reasoning:->>>In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other h h h h h h h h h h h
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their
h h h h h h h h h h h h
descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 2 h h
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h
Reasoning:->>>The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed h h h h h h h h h
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
information.
h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 2 h h
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsS IhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
h p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to h h h h h h h h h
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h
Reasoning:->>>Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use h h h h h h h h h h
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
h h h h h h h h h h
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from
h h h h h h h h h h h h
the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are
h h h h h h h h h h h
involved in enzyme production.
h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 8 h h
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
h injury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum h h
b. Golgi complex h d. Lysosomes h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D h
, Reasoning:->>>The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful h h h h h h h h h h
digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, blocking their leakage into the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PGs 7-8 h h
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
h h h h h h h h h h
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
membrane.
h
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
lysosome for synthesis, and is conducted in an encapsulated membrane to the cell
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
membrane.
h
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
h h h h h h h h h h h h
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
complex for synthesis, and is conducted in a cytosol to the cell membrane.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A h
Reasoning:->>>The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the h h h h h h h h h h h h h
ribosome for synthesis, and is conducted in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 7 | Figure 1-5 h h h h h
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
h h h h h h h h h
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h
Reasoning:->>>The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
which is the period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
phase (S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
cytoplasmic division.
h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 37 h h
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as
h h h h h h h h h h
receptors, transportation/transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
h h h h h h h h h
active pumps?
h h
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-C h
, Reasoning:->>>Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances h h h h h h h h h h
moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transportation/transport channels for various
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
and monosaccharides; and
h h h
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions,
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment.
h h h h h h h h h h h
The other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 13 | PG 15 h h h h h
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated h h h h h h h h h
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for which
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
human diseases?
h h
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders h h h
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders h h h
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders h h h
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders h h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-B h
Reasoning:->>>Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for h h h h h h h h h h
designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many
h h h h h h h h h h
human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The
h h h h h h h h h
other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PG 15 h h h
9. Which structure blocks water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
h
h h h h h h h h h h
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains h c. Membrane channel proteins h h
b. Glycoprotein channels h d. Lipid bilayer
h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-D h
Reasoning:->>>The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the h h h h h h h h h h h
plasma membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that
h h h h h h h h h h h
dissolve in water) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region.
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
The bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h
allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse
h h h h h h h h h h h h h
through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
h h h h h h h h h h h h
PTS: h h 1 REF: PGs 12-13 h h
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
h h h h
a. How a cell membrane functions h h h h
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid h h h h h h
c. How tissue is differentiated h h h
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
h h h h h h h h
ACCURATE ANSWER:-A h
Reasoning:->>>The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their h h h h h h h h h h h
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The remaining options
h h h h h h h h h h
do not explain the mosaic model.
h h h h h h
