TEST BANK 3
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Benjamin A. Pierce
3 3
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE3OF3CONTENT
Chapter301:3Introduction3to3Genetics....................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter302:3Chromosomes3and3Cellular3Reproduction ......................................................................................... 15
Chapter303:3Basic3Principles3of3Heredity .............................................................................................................. 32
Chapter304:3Extensions3and3Modifications3of3Basic3Principles ............................................................................ 59
Chapter305:3Linkage,3Recombination,3and3Eukaryotic3Gene3Mapping ................................................................ 98
Chapter306:3Chromosome3Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
Chapter307:3Bacterial3and3Viral3Genetic3Systems ............................................................................................... 139
Chapter3083DNA:3The3Chemical3Nature3of3the3Gene ......................................................................................... 152
Chapter309:3DNA3Replication3and3Recombination ............................................................................................. 181
Chapter310:3From3DNA3to3Proteins:3Transcription3and3RNA3Processing .......................................................... 198
Chapter311:3From3DNA3to3Proteins:3Translation ................................................................................................ 224
Chapter312:3Control3of3Gene3Expression............................................................................................................. 244
Chapter313:3Gene3Mutations,3Transposable3Elements,3and3DNA3Repair ........................................................... 278
Chapter314:3Molecular3Genetic3Analysis3and3Biotechnology ............................................................................. 298
Chapter315:3Genomics3and3Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
Chapter316:3Cancer3Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
Chapter317:3Quantitative3Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
Chapter318:3Population3and3Evolutionary3Genetics ............................................................................................ 366
,Chapter301:3Introduction3to3Genetics
1. Albinism3is3rare3in3most3human3populations,3occurring3at3a3frequency3of3about313in320,0003people.3Howeve
r,3the3trait3occurs3at3a3frequency3of313in32003in3certain3Hopi3villages3of3Black3Mesa3in3Arizona.3Explain3in3ter
ms3of3natural3selection3why3albinism3is3so3rare3in3most3human3populations.
ANSWER:3In3most3populations,3there3is3fairly3strong3selection3against3albinism3because3albinos3don‘t3produce3
melanin,3causing3their3skin3cells3not3to3be3protected3from3the3damaging3effects3of3sunlight.3Also,3th
e3lack3of3melanin3in3their3eyes3causes3them3to3have3poor3eyesight.3Finally,3in3most3cultures3albinos
3are3seen3as3abnormal,3and3they3are3not3normally3sought3out3for3marriage3and3mating.3Therefore,3in
3most3populations3the3alleles3that3cause3albinism3are3selected3against,3and3they3decrease3in3frequenc
y3or3are3kept3at3a3low3level,3causing3the3recessive3trait3to3be3rare.
2. Albinism3is3rare3in3most3human3populations,3occurring3at3a3frequency3of3about313in320,0003people.3Howeve
r,3the3trait3occurs3at3a3frequency3of313in32003in3certain3Hopi3villages3of3Black3Mesa3in3Arizona.3Explain3in3ter
ms3of3natural3selection3why3the3trait3is3so3much3more3common3among3the3Hopis3of3Black3Mesa.
ANSWER:3Albinos3occupy3a3privileged3position3among3the3Hopis3of3Black3Mesa.3In3this3culture,3albinos3ar
e3viewed3as3especially3pretty,3clean,3and3intelligent,3and3they3often3occupy3positions3of3leadersh
ip.3Albinos3are3celebrated3in3the3villages3as3a3sign3of3purity3of3Hopi3blood3in3the3community.
Furthermore,3albinos3are3often3excused3from3normal3male3field3labor3because3of3their3sensitivity3to
3sunlight,3causing3them3to3be3left3behind3in3the3village3with3the3women3during3the3daytime.3This3al
lows3them3extra3mating3opportunities3compared3to3the3other3men3of3the3village.3Therefore,3the3alle
les3that3cause3albinism3are3either3selected3for3in3this3culture3or3at3least3not3selected3against3as3stron
gly3as3in3other3cultures,3allowing3the3trait3to3occur3at3a3much3higher3frequency.
3. Which3one3of3the3following3pairings3between3the3subdiscipline3of3genetics3and3the3phenomenon3i
s3INCORRECT?
a. evolution—population3genetics
b. gene3regulation—molecular3genetics
c. allelic3frequency3alteration—population3genetics
d. arrangement3of3genes3on3chromosome—transmission3genetics
e. chemical3nature3of3the3gene—transmission3genetics
ANSWER:3e
4. Which3one3of3the3following3topics3of3research3belongs3to3the3discipline3of3transmission3genetics?
a. inheritance3pattern3of3gene3alleles
b. mechanism3of3DNA3replication
c. gene3expression3patterns
d. evolution
e. chemical3modification3of3nucleic3acids
ANSWER:3a
5. The3complete3genetic3makeup3of3an3organism3is3referred3to3as3its
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER:3d
6. Identify3a3TRUE3statement3from3the3following3descriptions3concerning3genetics.
a. The3theory3of3pangenesis3states3that3all3living3organisms3are3composed3of3cells.
b. Bacteria3and3viruses3are3not3useful3in3studying3genes3and3inheritance3because3they3are3structurall
y3and3metabolically3different3from3eukaryotic3cells.
c. Charles3Darwin3accurately3described3the3laws3of3inheritance3in3his3landmark3book,3On3the3Origin3
of3Species.
d. Many3human3traits,3such3as3skin3and3hair3color,3are3determined3by3more3than3a3single3gene.
e. Evolution3can3occur3without3genetic3changes3in3the3population.
ANSWER:3d
7. Identify3a3FALSE3statement3from3the3following3descriptions3of3genetics.
a. Humans3first3applied3genetics3to3the3domestication3of3plants3and3animals3between3approximatel
y310,0003and312,0003years3ago.
b. Some3viruses3use3RNA3to3carry3their3genetic3information.
c. Albinism3results3from3a3mutation3in3the3genes3that3control3the3synthesis3and3storage3of3melanin.
d. All3human3traits3that3display3blending3inheritance3are3affected3by3a3single3gene.
e. The3process3by3which3genetic3information3is3copied3and3decoded3is3similar3for3all3forms3of3life.
ANSWER:3d
8. Which3of3the3following3species3is3considered3a3model3genetic3organism?
a. the3plant3Linaria3vulgaris
b. the3deer3mouse3Peromyscus3maniculatus
c. the3worm3Caenorhabditis3elegans
d. the3frog3Hyla3chrysoscelis
e. the3chimpanzee3Pan3troglodytes
3ANSWER:3c
9. Which3of3the3following3would3serve3the3LEAST3well3as3a3model3for3understanding3basic3mechanisms3
of3inheritance?
a. fruit3flies
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER:3b
10. Which3of3the3following3statements3is3TRUE?
a. Each3subdiscipline3of3genetics3is3very3specific3as3to3what3is3explored3and3does3not3overlap3with3the
Genetics Essentials: Concepts and Connections 5th Edition by
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Benjamin A. Pierce
3 3
www.PlusBay.Plus
,TABLE3OF3CONTENT
Chapter301:3Introduction3to3Genetics....................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter302:3Chromosomes3and3Cellular3Reproduction ......................................................................................... 15
Chapter303:3Basic3Principles3of3Heredity .............................................................................................................. 32
Chapter304:3Extensions3and3Modifications3of3Basic3Principles ............................................................................ 59
Chapter305:3Linkage,3Recombination,3and3Eukaryotic3Gene3Mapping ................................................................ 98
Chapter306:3Chromosome3Variation .................................................................................................................... 115
Chapter307:3Bacterial3and3Viral3Genetic3Systems ............................................................................................... 139
Chapter3083DNA:3The3Chemical3Nature3of3the3Gene ......................................................................................... 152
Chapter309:3DNA3Replication3and3Recombination ............................................................................................. 181
Chapter310:3From3DNA3to3Proteins:3Transcription3and3RNA3Processing .......................................................... 198
Chapter311:3From3DNA3to3Proteins:3Translation ................................................................................................ 224
Chapter312:3Control3of3Gene3Expression............................................................................................................. 244
Chapter313:3Gene3Mutations,3Transposable3Elements,3and3DNA3Repair ........................................................... 278
Chapter314:3Molecular3Genetic3Analysis3and3Biotechnology ............................................................................. 298
Chapter315:3Genomics3and3Proteomics ............................................................................................................... 314
Chapter316:3Cancer3Genetics ............................................................................................................................... 332
Chapter317:3Quantitative3Genetics ....................................................................................................................... 346
Chapter318:3Population3and3Evolutionary3Genetics ............................................................................................ 366
,Chapter301:3Introduction3to3Genetics
1. Albinism3is3rare3in3most3human3populations,3occurring3at3a3frequency3of3about313in320,0003people.3Howeve
r,3the3trait3occurs3at3a3frequency3of313in32003in3certain3Hopi3villages3of3Black3Mesa3in3Arizona.3Explain3in3ter
ms3of3natural3selection3why3albinism3is3so3rare3in3most3human3populations.
ANSWER:3In3most3populations,3there3is3fairly3strong3selection3against3albinism3because3albinos3don‘t3produce3
melanin,3causing3their3skin3cells3not3to3be3protected3from3the3damaging3effects3of3sunlight.3Also,3th
e3lack3of3melanin3in3their3eyes3causes3them3to3have3poor3eyesight.3Finally,3in3most3cultures3albinos
3are3seen3as3abnormal,3and3they3are3not3normally3sought3out3for3marriage3and3mating.3Therefore,3in
3most3populations3the3alleles3that3cause3albinism3are3selected3against,3and3they3decrease3in3frequenc
y3or3are3kept3at3a3low3level,3causing3the3recessive3trait3to3be3rare.
2. Albinism3is3rare3in3most3human3populations,3occurring3at3a3frequency3of3about313in320,0003people.3Howeve
r,3the3trait3occurs3at3a3frequency3of313in32003in3certain3Hopi3villages3of3Black3Mesa3in3Arizona.3Explain3in3ter
ms3of3natural3selection3why3the3trait3is3so3much3more3common3among3the3Hopis3of3Black3Mesa.
ANSWER:3Albinos3occupy3a3privileged3position3among3the3Hopis3of3Black3Mesa.3In3this3culture,3albinos3ar
e3viewed3as3especially3pretty,3clean,3and3intelligent,3and3they3often3occupy3positions3of3leadersh
ip.3Albinos3are3celebrated3in3the3villages3as3a3sign3of3purity3of3Hopi3blood3in3the3community.
Furthermore,3albinos3are3often3excused3from3normal3male3field3labor3because3of3their3sensitivity3to
3sunlight,3causing3them3to3be3left3behind3in3the3village3with3the3women3during3the3daytime.3This3al
lows3them3extra3mating3opportunities3compared3to3the3other3men3of3the3village.3Therefore,3the3alle
les3that3cause3albinism3are3either3selected3for3in3this3culture3or3at3least3not3selected3against3as3stron
gly3as3in3other3cultures,3allowing3the3trait3to3occur3at3a3much3higher3frequency.
3. Which3one3of3the3following3pairings3between3the3subdiscipline3of3genetics3and3the3phenomenon3i
s3INCORRECT?
a. evolution—population3genetics
b. gene3regulation—molecular3genetics
c. allelic3frequency3alteration—population3genetics
d. arrangement3of3genes3on3chromosome—transmission3genetics
e. chemical3nature3of3the3gene—transmission3genetics
ANSWER:3e
4. Which3one3of3the3following3topics3of3research3belongs3to3the3discipline3of3transmission3genetics?
a. inheritance3pattern3of3gene3alleles
b. mechanism3of3DNA3replication
c. gene3expression3patterns
d. evolution
e. chemical3modification3of3nucleic3acids
ANSWER:3a
5. The3complete3genetic3makeup3of3an3organism3is3referred3to3as3its
a. chromosome.
b. alleles.
c. locus.
, d. genome.
e. phenotype.
ANSWER:3d
6. Identify3a3TRUE3statement3from3the3following3descriptions3concerning3genetics.
a. The3theory3of3pangenesis3states3that3all3living3organisms3are3composed3of3cells.
b. Bacteria3and3viruses3are3not3useful3in3studying3genes3and3inheritance3because3they3are3structurall
y3and3metabolically3different3from3eukaryotic3cells.
c. Charles3Darwin3accurately3described3the3laws3of3inheritance3in3his3landmark3book,3On3the3Origin3
of3Species.
d. Many3human3traits,3such3as3skin3and3hair3color,3are3determined3by3more3than3a3single3gene.
e. Evolution3can3occur3without3genetic3changes3in3the3population.
ANSWER:3d
7. Identify3a3FALSE3statement3from3the3following3descriptions3of3genetics.
a. Humans3first3applied3genetics3to3the3domestication3of3plants3and3animals3between3approximatel
y310,0003and312,0003years3ago.
b. Some3viruses3use3RNA3to3carry3their3genetic3information.
c. Albinism3results3from3a3mutation3in3the3genes3that3control3the3synthesis3and3storage3of3melanin.
d. All3human3traits3that3display3blending3inheritance3are3affected3by3a3single3gene.
e. The3process3by3which3genetic3information3is3copied3and3decoded3is3similar3for3all3forms3of3life.
ANSWER:3d
8. Which3of3the3following3species3is3considered3a3model3genetic3organism?
a. the3plant3Linaria3vulgaris
b. the3deer3mouse3Peromyscus3maniculatus
c. the3worm3Caenorhabditis3elegans
d. the3frog3Hyla3chrysoscelis
e. the3chimpanzee3Pan3troglodytes
3ANSWER:3c
9. Which3of3the3following3would3serve3the3LEAST3well3as3a3model3for3understanding3basic3mechanisms3
of3inheritance?
a. fruit3flies
b. humans
c. yeast
d. mice
e. zebrafish
ANSWER:3b
10. Which3of3the3following3statements3is3TRUE?
a. Each3subdiscipline3of3genetics3is3very3specific3as3to3what3is3explored3and3does3not3overlap3with3the
