Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence D265 Test
Questions and Answers Graded A+
Which sentence is a non-proposition? food, but did not like it.
- If the burglar did not go out the front door, they
must have gone out a window. If the computer is not fixed, then the company
- The earth is the third planet from the sun. either needs to buy a new one or will not be able
- Where are the keys to my car? to keep up productivity.
- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the Which of the following breaks down the complex
world. - ANSWER -Where are the keys to proposition above into the simple propositions?
my car?
- If the computer is not fixed, then the company
needs to buy a new one. The company will not be
Did the company really close that deal? It has able to keep up productivity.
had a great year. Where is the president right - The computer is not fixed. The company needs
now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed. to buy a new computer. The company will not be
able to keep up productivity.
In the above paragraph, which sentence - The computer is not fixed. The company either
expresses a proposition? needs to buy a new one or will not be able to
keep up productivity.
- Where is the president right now? - The company does not have enough
- Did the company really close that deal? computers. - ANSWER -The computer is
- Let's go ask whether the deal was closed. not fixed. The company needs to buy a new
- It has had a great year. - ANSWER -It has computer. The company will not be able to keep
had a great year. up productivity.
Propositions - ANSWER -Statements that Simple propositions - ANSWER -Simple
can be true or false. propositions have no internal logical structure,
meaning whether they are true or false does not
depend on whether part of them is true or false.
Non-propositions - ANSWER -Sentences They are simply true or false on their own.
that are not statements about matters of fact (or
fiction). They do not make a claim that can be
true or false. Complex propositions - ANSWER -Complex
propositions have internal logical structure,
meaning they are composed of simple
Which sentence expresses a complex propositions. Whether they are true or false
proposition? depends on whether their parts are true or false.
- Birthday parties can be really fun.
- The cat ate the food, but did not like it. If the new employee wants to succeed, then they
- Too many employees are used to high-stress need to show up on time. How many times have
work environments in the United States. we heard the manager complain about tardiness?
- Why did the monkey escape, and who is Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start time, but it was in the
responsible? - ANSWER -The cat ate the job description. We should remind the new
,Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence D265 Test
Questions and Answers Graded A+
employee how important this is.
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in False premise - ANSWER -This particular
the above paragraph? argument has a premise/assumption that is false.
There is something wrong with this argument's
- The new employee wants to succeed. particular content.
- How many times have we heard the manager
complain about tardiness?
- The employees look out for each other. Conclusion Indicators - ANSWER -
- If the new employee wants to succeed, then Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails
they need to show up on time. - ANSWER - that, we may conclude that, implies that,
The new employee wants to succeed. wherefore, as a result
The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to Premise Indicators - ANSWER -Because,
navigate, and this negatively affects many of us. for, given that, in that, as, since, as indicated by
Many people are unsure exactly how their health
insurance coverage works and are not sure
where they can go to get care. What can be "Since we cannot go out until the restaurant
done to improve this? If changes are not made opens, and given that we are trying to save
soon, the problem will only get worse. money, we should just hang out here until closer
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in to dinner."
the above paragraph? Which statements are the premises of the
- Many people are not sure where they can go to following argument? Choose 2 answers.
get care.
- The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to - We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
navigate, and this negatively affects many of us. - We are trying to save money.
- What can be done to improve this? - We should just hang out here until closer to
- Many people are unsure exactly how their dinner.
health insurance coverage works and are not - We can have a good time without spending
sure where they can go to get care. - money. - ANSWER -- We cannot go out
ANSWER -Many people are not sure where until the restaurant opens.
they can go to get care.
- We are trying to save money.
Bad inferential structure - ANSWER -Every
argument with the same structure as this Most students in the class scored less than 70%
argument is bad (invalid or weak). The premises on the exam. This means that the exam was too
do not, in fact, demonstrate or maybe even difficult to accurately assess student learning.
support the conclusion. In other words, we can Therefore, as exams are supposed to accurately
accept the premises as true without being assess student learning, the exam must be
compelled to accept the conclusion. There is revised and readministered.
something wrong with this argument's general
structure. Which statement is the conclusion of the above
argument?
, Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence D265 Test
Questions and Answers Graded A+
ANSWER -- Every time I walk by here,
- The exam must be revised and readministered. Chris is doing nothing. Chris must not do
- Some students in the class scored higher than anything with the available time.
70% on the exam.
- Exams are supposed to accurately assess - We need to act now to reverse greenhouse gas
student learning. emissions. If we do not, the earth will soon
- Most students in the class scored less than become inhospitable to human life.
70% on the exam. - ANSWER -The exam
must be revised and readministered.
I just heard the news about Riley's car. It was
vandalized last Saturday. There is no doubt
Which sentences are arguments? Choose 2 Jordan did it. I went to the bowling alley that
answers. night. I bowled a 160! Anyway, I saw Jordan
there and, although it was barely noticeable, I
- We know the student cheated on the exam definitely saw paint on Jordan's shirt. It is unlikely
because the instructor caught the student there would be paint on Jordan's shirt unless
stealing glances at their neighbor's test. Jordan had spray-painted Riley's car. It is a
- The student only cheated on the exam because shame, really, since it was such a nice shirt. It
their financial aid depended on it. was the green one. Oh, and you know Jordan
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do has motive. After all, Jordan has a well-known
not know that it is not made of cheese. grudge against Riley. You remember when Riley
- If you suspect you have been infected with borrowed Jordan's lawnmower and did not return
rabies, then you should contact a medical it. And there was opportunity, because Jordan
professional immediately. - ANSWER -- We does not work on the weekend and usually stays
know the student cheated on the exam because home watching television. But the lightning storm
the instructor caught the student stealing glances earlier last week short-circuited Jordan's TV set.
at their neighbor's test. Besides, they canceled Jordan's favorite
Saturday evening show.
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do Which description best characterizes the above?
not know that it is not made of cheese.
- A story
-- ANSWER -An argument
Which pairs of sentences are arguments?
Choose 2 answers.
Kinds of Inferences - ANSWER -Deduction
- Every time I walk by here, Chris is doing Induction
nothing. Chris must not do anything with the Inference to the best explanation or abduction
available time.
- We need to act now to reverse greenhouse gas
emissions. If we do not, the earth will soon Deduction - ANSWER -arguments where
become inhospitable to human life. the premises guarantee or necessitate the
- John Lennon was shot and killed. So were conclusion
Bobby Kennedy and his brother John. — mathematical arguments, logical arguments,
- One student cheated on the test. But it was arguments from definition
only because the student felt ill prepared. -
Questions and Answers Graded A+
Which sentence is a non-proposition? food, but did not like it.
- If the burglar did not go out the front door, they
must have gone out a window. If the computer is not fixed, then the company
- The earth is the third planet from the sun. either needs to buy a new one or will not be able
- Where are the keys to my car? to keep up productivity.
- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the Which of the following breaks down the complex
world. - ANSWER -Where are the keys to proposition above into the simple propositions?
my car?
- If the computer is not fixed, then the company
needs to buy a new one. The company will not be
Did the company really close that deal? It has able to keep up productivity.
had a great year. Where is the president right - The computer is not fixed. The company needs
now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed. to buy a new computer. The company will not be
able to keep up productivity.
In the above paragraph, which sentence - The computer is not fixed. The company either
expresses a proposition? needs to buy a new one or will not be able to
keep up productivity.
- Where is the president right now? - The company does not have enough
- Did the company really close that deal? computers. - ANSWER -The computer is
- Let's go ask whether the deal was closed. not fixed. The company needs to buy a new
- It has had a great year. - ANSWER -It has computer. The company will not be able to keep
had a great year. up productivity.
Propositions - ANSWER -Statements that Simple propositions - ANSWER -Simple
can be true or false. propositions have no internal logical structure,
meaning whether they are true or false does not
depend on whether part of them is true or false.
Non-propositions - ANSWER -Sentences They are simply true or false on their own.
that are not statements about matters of fact (or
fiction). They do not make a claim that can be
true or false. Complex propositions - ANSWER -Complex
propositions have internal logical structure,
meaning they are composed of simple
Which sentence expresses a complex propositions. Whether they are true or false
proposition? depends on whether their parts are true or false.
- Birthday parties can be really fun.
- The cat ate the food, but did not like it. If the new employee wants to succeed, then they
- Too many employees are used to high-stress need to show up on time. How many times have
work environments in the United States. we heard the manager complain about tardiness?
- Why did the monkey escape, and who is Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start time, but it was in the
responsible? - ANSWER -The cat ate the job description. We should remind the new
,Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence D265 Test
Questions and Answers Graded A+
employee how important this is.
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in False premise - ANSWER -This particular
the above paragraph? argument has a premise/assumption that is false.
There is something wrong with this argument's
- The new employee wants to succeed. particular content.
- How many times have we heard the manager
complain about tardiness?
- The employees look out for each other. Conclusion Indicators - ANSWER -
- If the new employee wants to succeed, then Therefore, so, it follows that, hence, thus, entails
they need to show up on time. - ANSWER - that, we may conclude that, implies that,
The new employee wants to succeed. wherefore, as a result
The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to Premise Indicators - ANSWER -Because,
navigate, and this negatively affects many of us. for, given that, in that, as, since, as indicated by
Many people are unsure exactly how their health
insurance coverage works and are not sure
where they can go to get care. What can be "Since we cannot go out until the restaurant
done to improve this? If changes are not made opens, and given that we are trying to save
soon, the problem will only get worse. money, we should just hang out here until closer
Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in to dinner."
the above paragraph? Which statements are the premises of the
- Many people are not sure where they can go to following argument? Choose 2 answers.
get care.
- The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to - We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.
navigate, and this negatively affects many of us. - We are trying to save money.
- What can be done to improve this? - We should just hang out here until closer to
- Many people are unsure exactly how their dinner.
health insurance coverage works and are not - We can have a good time without spending
sure where they can go to get care. - money. - ANSWER -- We cannot go out
ANSWER -Many people are not sure where until the restaurant opens.
they can go to get care.
- We are trying to save money.
Bad inferential structure - ANSWER -Every
argument with the same structure as this Most students in the class scored less than 70%
argument is bad (invalid or weak). The premises on the exam. This means that the exam was too
do not, in fact, demonstrate or maybe even difficult to accurately assess student learning.
support the conclusion. In other words, we can Therefore, as exams are supposed to accurately
accept the premises as true without being assess student learning, the exam must be
compelled to accept the conclusion. There is revised and readministered.
something wrong with this argument's general
structure. Which statement is the conclusion of the above
argument?
, Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence D265 Test
Questions and Answers Graded A+
ANSWER -- Every time I walk by here,
- The exam must be revised and readministered. Chris is doing nothing. Chris must not do
- Some students in the class scored higher than anything with the available time.
70% on the exam.
- Exams are supposed to accurately assess - We need to act now to reverse greenhouse gas
student learning. emissions. If we do not, the earth will soon
- Most students in the class scored less than become inhospitable to human life.
70% on the exam. - ANSWER -The exam
must be revised and readministered.
I just heard the news about Riley's car. It was
vandalized last Saturday. There is no doubt
Which sentences are arguments? Choose 2 Jordan did it. I went to the bowling alley that
answers. night. I bowled a 160! Anyway, I saw Jordan
there and, although it was barely noticeable, I
- We know the student cheated on the exam definitely saw paint on Jordan's shirt. It is unlikely
because the instructor caught the student there would be paint on Jordan's shirt unless
stealing glances at their neighbor's test. Jordan had spray-painted Riley's car. It is a
- The student only cheated on the exam because shame, really, since it was such a nice shirt. It
their financial aid depended on it. was the green one. Oh, and you know Jordan
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do has motive. After all, Jordan has a well-known
not know that it is not made of cheese. grudge against Riley. You remember when Riley
- If you suspect you have been infected with borrowed Jordan's lawnmower and did not return
rabies, then you should contact a medical it. And there was opportunity, because Jordan
professional immediately. - ANSWER -- We does not work on the weekend and usually stays
know the student cheated on the exam because home watching television. But the lightning storm
the instructor caught the student stealing glances earlier last week short-circuited Jordan's TV set.
at their neighbor's test. Besides, they canceled Jordan's favorite
Saturday evening show.
- No one has ever been to the moon, so we do Which description best characterizes the above?
not know that it is not made of cheese.
- A story
-- ANSWER -An argument
Which pairs of sentences are arguments?
Choose 2 answers.
Kinds of Inferences - ANSWER -Deduction
- Every time I walk by here, Chris is doing Induction
nothing. Chris must not do anything with the Inference to the best explanation or abduction
available time.
- We need to act now to reverse greenhouse gas
emissions. If we do not, the earth will soon Deduction - ANSWER -arguments where
become inhospitable to human life. the premises guarantee or necessitate the
- John Lennon was shot and killed. So were conclusion
Bobby Kennedy and his brother John. — mathematical arguments, logical arguments,
- One student cheated on the test. But it was arguments from definition
only because the student felt ill prepared. -
