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Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
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1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as “pure” sciences?
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A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
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C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
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D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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Accurate answer:-A B




2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work B




B. Psychotherapy
C. Examination of care disparities B B B




D.
B BPathology

Accurate answer:-D B




3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in the
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world. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she
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performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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Roberta’s views are most closTeElySrT
efB
leA
ctN
BivKeSoELhLiE
fw chRs.
chCoOoM
l of scientific thought?
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A. Natural Science B




B. Human Science
B B B




C. Applied Science
B B




D. Soft Science
B B




Accurate answer:-B
B B




4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
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A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet some
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type of human need.
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B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in which
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subjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
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C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
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D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate results
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in repeat experiments.
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Accurate answer:-C B




5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the common
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subjective biases of different disciplines.
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B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize their
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functional abilities.
B B




C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific aim in order to better a situationor
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change viewpoints.
B B




D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, and
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controlling outcomes.
B B




Accurate answer:-D B




6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor has
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asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and
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equipment. After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discover
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that they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
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Peter’s discovery exemplify?
B B




A. Intersubjective testability B




B. Reliability
C. Definiteness and precision B B




D. Coherence

Accurate answer:-A B




7. Which statement does not describe a general characteristic of philosophy?
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A. Thinking for the sake of thinking. B B B B B




B. Utilization of process and outcome. B B B B




C. Demarcation of wholeness and holism. B B B B




D. Application of epistemology and ontology. B B B B




Accurate answer:-C B




8. Repetitive patterns of behavior dictated by past experiences is an example of which sourceof
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knowledge?
B




A. Doctrine
B. Common sense B




C. Tradition
B B




D.

B Authority

Accurate
B

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answer:-C
B