CAD1501
Assignment 5
PORTFOLIO
Due October 2025
,CAD1501
Assignment 5
PORTFOLIO
DUE October 2025
Child and Adolescent Development
Question 1
1.1 Indicate whether each statement is True or False and justify your answer
1.1.1 Nature and nurture influence development in the same way for all children.
Answer: False
Justification:
Nature and nurture both shape development, but not in identical ways for all children.
Nature refers to the genetic and biological factors that determine physical and
psychological traits, while nurture involves environmental influences such as culture,
parenting, and education (Section 1, p. 10). Each child’s developmental pathway is
unique because heredity interacts differently with environmental conditions. For
example, two children raised in the same home may respond differently to parental
discipline due to variations in temperament and genetic makeup. This reflects the
interactionist view, which highlights that development results from the continuous
interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental experiences.
,1.1.2 Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their ability
to succeed in specific situations.
Answer: True
Justification:
Albert Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy describes an individual’s belief in their
capacity to plan and carry out actions needed to achieve particular goals (Section 4, p.
35). It influences motivation, resilience, and performance. Children with strong self-
efficacy approach challenges with confidence and perseverance, while those with low
self-efficacy often avoid difficult tasks. Bandura (1977) emphasized that self-efficacy
develops through mastery experiences, vicarious learning, and social encouragement.
This theory remains central to understanding how children learn behaviors and form a
sense of competence in academic and social contexts.
1.1.3 According to Gardner, a learner who enjoys drawing and organising visually
is considered “picture-smart.”
Answer: True
Justification:
Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences proposes that intelligence is not a
single entity but consists of various types of intelligences that individuals use to
understand and interact with the world (Section 2, p. 18). A learner who enjoys drawing,
working with spatial patterns, or thinking in images demonstrates visual-spatial
intelligence, often called being “picture-smart.” This type of learner excels in visualizing
objects and spatial dimensions, and tends to thrive in tasks like art, design, and map
reading. Gardner’s approach challenges traditional IQ-based assessments by
recognizing creativity and cultural diversity as integral parts of human intelligence.
, 1.2 Domains of Development
The domains of development are interrelated areas that describe how children grow and
change over time. These include the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional
domains.
1.2.1 Cognitive Domain
Description:
The cognitive domain involves intellectual processes such as thinking, reasoning,
problem-solving, language development, and memory (Section 2, p. 17). It focuses on
how children acquire, organize, and use knowledge.
Displayed in Children (6–12 years):
During middle childhood, children show improvements in logical reasoning, memory
strategies, and language use. They begin to grasp abstract ideas, perform mental
operations, and understand cause-and-effect relationships. For example, they can plan
tasks independently and apply rules more consistently.
Reference: Section 2, p. 17
1.2.2 Physical Domain
Description:
The physical domain relates to growth in body size, motor skills, coordination, and brain
development (Section 1, p. 11). It includes both fine and gross motor development and
physiological changes that occur as children mature.
Displayed in Children (6–12 years):
Children in this age group refine coordination and balance, develop stronger muscles,
and show increased stamina. They can ride bicycles, participate in sports, and write
Assignment 5
PORTFOLIO
Due October 2025
,CAD1501
Assignment 5
PORTFOLIO
DUE October 2025
Child and Adolescent Development
Question 1
1.1 Indicate whether each statement is True or False and justify your answer
1.1.1 Nature and nurture influence development in the same way for all children.
Answer: False
Justification:
Nature and nurture both shape development, but not in identical ways for all children.
Nature refers to the genetic and biological factors that determine physical and
psychological traits, while nurture involves environmental influences such as culture,
parenting, and education (Section 1, p. 10). Each child’s developmental pathway is
unique because heredity interacts differently with environmental conditions. For
example, two children raised in the same home may respond differently to parental
discipline due to variations in temperament and genetic makeup. This reflects the
interactionist view, which highlights that development results from the continuous
interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental experiences.
,1.1.2 Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy refers to a person’s belief in their ability
to succeed in specific situations.
Answer: True
Justification:
Albert Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy describes an individual’s belief in their
capacity to plan and carry out actions needed to achieve particular goals (Section 4, p.
35). It influences motivation, resilience, and performance. Children with strong self-
efficacy approach challenges with confidence and perseverance, while those with low
self-efficacy often avoid difficult tasks. Bandura (1977) emphasized that self-efficacy
develops through mastery experiences, vicarious learning, and social encouragement.
This theory remains central to understanding how children learn behaviors and form a
sense of competence in academic and social contexts.
1.1.3 According to Gardner, a learner who enjoys drawing and organising visually
is considered “picture-smart.”
Answer: True
Justification:
Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences proposes that intelligence is not a
single entity but consists of various types of intelligences that individuals use to
understand and interact with the world (Section 2, p. 18). A learner who enjoys drawing,
working with spatial patterns, or thinking in images demonstrates visual-spatial
intelligence, often called being “picture-smart.” This type of learner excels in visualizing
objects and spatial dimensions, and tends to thrive in tasks like art, design, and map
reading. Gardner’s approach challenges traditional IQ-based assessments by
recognizing creativity and cultural diversity as integral parts of human intelligence.
, 1.2 Domains of Development
The domains of development are interrelated areas that describe how children grow and
change over time. These include the cognitive, physical, social, and emotional
domains.
1.2.1 Cognitive Domain
Description:
The cognitive domain involves intellectual processes such as thinking, reasoning,
problem-solving, language development, and memory (Section 2, p. 17). It focuses on
how children acquire, organize, and use knowledge.
Displayed in Children (6–12 years):
During middle childhood, children show improvements in logical reasoning, memory
strategies, and language use. They begin to grasp abstract ideas, perform mental
operations, and understand cause-and-effect relationships. For example, they can plan
tasks independently and apply rules more consistently.
Reference: Section 2, p. 17
1.2.2 Physical Domain
Description:
The physical domain relates to growth in body size, motor skills, coordination, and brain
development (Section 1, p. 11). It includes both fine and gross motor development and
physiological changes that occur as children mature.
Displayed in Children (6–12 years):
Children in this age group refine coordination and balance, develop stronger muscles,
and show increased stamina. They can ride bicycles, participate in sports, and write
