Master Advanced Pathophysiology
Exam Questions and Answers Only
Exam Test 2.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - ANS >> The GCS is scored between 3 and 15, 3 being the worst and 15 the
best.
Severe TBI GCS Score - ANS >> A GCS score of 3-8 describes a severe TBI.
Obsessions - ANS >> Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause
distressing emotions such as anxiety or disgust.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Characteristics - ANS >> Impaired concentration and irritability are
major characteristics of GAD.
Schizophrenia Symptoms - ANS >> The characteristics of schizophrenia are paranoia, delusions,
tangential thoughts, suspiciousness, disorganized behavior, and hallucinations.
Acute Otitis Media - ANS >> The classic presentation of otitis media is otalgia, muffled hearing, popping
sensation, and a recent history of a cold or flare up of allergic rhinitis.
Peritonsillar Abscess - ANS >> Peritonsillar abscess is characterized by severe sore throat, pain or
difficulty swallowing, jaw muscle spasms, and a hot potato voice.
Graves' Disease - ANS >> Graves' disease, an autoimmune condition also known as 'diffuse toxic goiter' is
the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in this age group.
Insulin Resistance Finding - ANS >> Triglycerides > 150mg/dL is associated with increasing insulin
resistance.
Postprandial Glucose Level Influencer - ANS >> Carbohydrate is a macronutrient with the greatest
impact on the postprandial glucose levels.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS >> Type 1 DM is associated with beta cell destruction leading to absolute
insulin deficiency resulting in significant hyperglycemia and potential for ketoacidosis.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors - ANS >> Major risk factors are heredity and obesity.
Endometrial Cancer Risk Factor - ANS >> Oral contraceptives have been shown to reduce the incidence
of endometrial cancer.
, Mixed Precocious Puberty - ANS >> Mixed precocious puberty cases the child to develop some
secondary characteristics of the opposite sex, such as the feminization of a boy.
Delayed Puberty Cause - ANS >> In 95% of cases, delayed puberty is physiologic in nature.
Priapism Association - ANS >> Priapism has been associated with the abuse of certain substances.
Priapism - ANS >> Prolonged penile erection, often idiopathic.
Cocaine - ANS >> Substance associated with priapism.
Ovulation - ANS >> Triggered by a sudden increase of LH.
Follicular cyst - ANS >> Develops when no dominant follicle matures.
Benign ovarian cyst - ANS >> Functional cyst from incomplete follicle maturation.
Genetic counseling - ANS >> Advisory service for individuals at genetic risk.
Maternal age - ANS >> Common reason for seeking genetic counseling.
Amniocentesis - ANS >> Procedure to perform genetic studies on fetus.
Turner Syndrome - ANS >> Condition with monosomy X in affected cells.
Cri du chat syndrome - ANS >> Genetic disorder with distinctive cat-like cry.
Adaptive immunity - ANS >> Immune response mediated by T and B cells.
Minimally conscious state - ANS >> Patient shows limited but definite responses.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ANS >> Severe lung inflammation with bilateral infiltrates.
Capillary hydrostatic pressure - ANS >> Increased pressure causing pulmonary edema.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) - ANS >> Antibody involved in asthma pathophysiology.
Airway remodeling - ANS >> Long-term damage from uncontrolled airway inflammation.
Angiotensin II - ANS >> Hormone linked to myocardial hypertrophy in hypertension.
Hypertrophy of myocardium - ANS >> Heart muscle thickening due to increased load.
Blood pressure measurement - ANS >> First reading indicates hypertension if elevated.
Sickle cell disease - ANS >> Blood disorder associated with priapism.
Spinal cord trauma - ANS >> Potential cause of priapism.
Pelvic tumors - ANS >> Associated with priapism in some cases.
Exam Questions and Answers Only
Exam Test 2.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) - ANS >> The GCS is scored between 3 and 15, 3 being the worst and 15 the
best.
Severe TBI GCS Score - ANS >> A GCS score of 3-8 describes a severe TBI.
Obsessions - ANS >> Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause
distressing emotions such as anxiety or disgust.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Characteristics - ANS >> Impaired concentration and irritability are
major characteristics of GAD.
Schizophrenia Symptoms - ANS >> The characteristics of schizophrenia are paranoia, delusions,
tangential thoughts, suspiciousness, disorganized behavior, and hallucinations.
Acute Otitis Media - ANS >> The classic presentation of otitis media is otalgia, muffled hearing, popping
sensation, and a recent history of a cold or flare up of allergic rhinitis.
Peritonsillar Abscess - ANS >> Peritonsillar abscess is characterized by severe sore throat, pain or
difficulty swallowing, jaw muscle spasms, and a hot potato voice.
Graves' Disease - ANS >> Graves' disease, an autoimmune condition also known as 'diffuse toxic goiter' is
the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in this age group.
Insulin Resistance Finding - ANS >> Triglycerides > 150mg/dL is associated with increasing insulin
resistance.
Postprandial Glucose Level Influencer - ANS >> Carbohydrate is a macronutrient with the greatest
impact on the postprandial glucose levels.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS >> Type 1 DM is associated with beta cell destruction leading to absolute
insulin deficiency resulting in significant hyperglycemia and potential for ketoacidosis.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors - ANS >> Major risk factors are heredity and obesity.
Endometrial Cancer Risk Factor - ANS >> Oral contraceptives have been shown to reduce the incidence
of endometrial cancer.
, Mixed Precocious Puberty - ANS >> Mixed precocious puberty cases the child to develop some
secondary characteristics of the opposite sex, such as the feminization of a boy.
Delayed Puberty Cause - ANS >> In 95% of cases, delayed puberty is physiologic in nature.
Priapism Association - ANS >> Priapism has been associated with the abuse of certain substances.
Priapism - ANS >> Prolonged penile erection, often idiopathic.
Cocaine - ANS >> Substance associated with priapism.
Ovulation - ANS >> Triggered by a sudden increase of LH.
Follicular cyst - ANS >> Develops when no dominant follicle matures.
Benign ovarian cyst - ANS >> Functional cyst from incomplete follicle maturation.
Genetic counseling - ANS >> Advisory service for individuals at genetic risk.
Maternal age - ANS >> Common reason for seeking genetic counseling.
Amniocentesis - ANS >> Procedure to perform genetic studies on fetus.
Turner Syndrome - ANS >> Condition with monosomy X in affected cells.
Cri du chat syndrome - ANS >> Genetic disorder with distinctive cat-like cry.
Adaptive immunity - ANS >> Immune response mediated by T and B cells.
Minimally conscious state - ANS >> Patient shows limited but definite responses.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ANS >> Severe lung inflammation with bilateral infiltrates.
Capillary hydrostatic pressure - ANS >> Increased pressure causing pulmonary edema.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) - ANS >> Antibody involved in asthma pathophysiology.
Airway remodeling - ANS >> Long-term damage from uncontrolled airway inflammation.
Angiotensin II - ANS >> Hormone linked to myocardial hypertrophy in hypertension.
Hypertrophy of myocardium - ANS >> Heart muscle thickening due to increased load.
Blood pressure measurement - ANS >> First reading indicates hypertension if elevated.
Sickle cell disease - ANS >> Blood disorder associated with priapism.
Spinal cord trauma - ANS >> Potential cause of priapism.
Pelvic tumors - ANS >> Associated with priapism in some cases.
