BIOD 151 FINAL EXAM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY1(NEW
with 35 Q&A Learning
What are the levels of organization in the body? - ANSWER-atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
Why do cells need to remain relatively small? - ANSWER-Because as the cell expands,
the amount of surface area relative to volume decreases. The smaller cell is more active
when its surface area, relative to its volume, is bigger
What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - ANSWER-smaller than
eukaryotic, DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane, do not contain many of the
internal membrane-bound organelles that eukaryotic cells have
What parts of a prokaryotic cell can be labeled? - ANSWER-capsule, cell wall, plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, pili, bacterial flagellum, nucleoid
What is the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER-surrounded by a nuclear
membrane and contains DNA. Serves as the control enter of the cell
What are chromosomes? - ANSWER-organized form of DNA in a cell
What is superior v inferior? - ANSWER-toward the head (above) v away from the head
(below)
What is ventral v dorsal? - ANSWER-front (anterior) v back (posterior)
What is medial v lateral? - ANSWER-toward the midline of the body v away from the
midline of the body
What is proximal v distal? - ANSWER-close to the point of attachment v farther from
point of attachment
What is deep v superficial? - ANSWER-away from the body surface v toward the body
surface
What is flexion v extension? - ANSWER-closing of a joint v opening of a joint
what is ABduction v ADDuction? - ANSWER-movement away from midline v movement
toward midline
, What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion? - ANSWER-toes up v toes down
What is pronation v supination? - ANSWER-palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot
medial
What is elevation v depression? - ANSWER-upward movement of a structure v
downward movement of a structure
What is retraction v protraction? - ANSWER-movement of a structure drawn backward v
movement of a structure drawn forward
Describe anatomical position - ANSWER-Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms
facing forward and thumbs facing away from the body
What is the sagittal plane? - ANSWER-divides body into left and right (midsagittal is
equal parts)
What are frontal planes? - ANSWER-divides body into front and back
What is a transverse plane? - ANSWER-divides the body into superior and inferior parts
What lies within the dorsal cavity? - ANSWER-the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic
cavity
What lies within the ventral body cavity? - ANSWER-thoracic cavity, pleural cavity,
thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
What is serosa? - ANSWER-membrane that lines the ventral body cavity and the outer
surface of the organs
What is pleurisy? - ANSWER-inflammation of the pleurae
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions? - ANSWER-R/L hypochondriac, epigastric,
R/L lumbar, umbilical, R/L hypogastric, hypogastric
What are genes? - ANSWER-sections of a chromosome that determine what proteins
are synthesized in the ribosomes
What transfers the information from the DNA to the ribosomes? - ANSWER-Messenger
RNA
Where is RNA made? - ANSWER-nucleolus
What are ribosomes? - ANSWER-tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins.
with 35 Q&A Learning
What are the levels of organization in the body? - ANSWER-atom, molecule,
macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism
Why do cells need to remain relatively small? - ANSWER-Because as the cell expands,
the amount of surface area relative to volume decreases. The smaller cell is more active
when its surface area, relative to its volume, is bigger
What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - ANSWER-smaller than
eukaryotic, DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane, do not contain many of the
internal membrane-bound organelles that eukaryotic cells have
What parts of a prokaryotic cell can be labeled? - ANSWER-capsule, cell wall, plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, plasmid, pili, bacterial flagellum, nucleoid
What is the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell? - ANSWER-surrounded by a nuclear
membrane and contains DNA. Serves as the control enter of the cell
What are chromosomes? - ANSWER-organized form of DNA in a cell
What is superior v inferior? - ANSWER-toward the head (above) v away from the head
(below)
What is ventral v dorsal? - ANSWER-front (anterior) v back (posterior)
What is medial v lateral? - ANSWER-toward the midline of the body v away from the
midline of the body
What is proximal v distal? - ANSWER-close to the point of attachment v farther from
point of attachment
What is deep v superficial? - ANSWER-away from the body surface v toward the body
surface
What is flexion v extension? - ANSWER-closing of a joint v opening of a joint
what is ABduction v ADDuction? - ANSWER-movement away from midline v movement
toward midline
, What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion? - ANSWER-toes up v toes down
What is pronation v supination? - ANSWER-palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot
medial
What is elevation v depression? - ANSWER-upward movement of a structure v
downward movement of a structure
What is retraction v protraction? - ANSWER-movement of a structure drawn backward v
movement of a structure drawn forward
Describe anatomical position - ANSWER-Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms
facing forward and thumbs facing away from the body
What is the sagittal plane? - ANSWER-divides body into left and right (midsagittal is
equal parts)
What are frontal planes? - ANSWER-divides body into front and back
What is a transverse plane? - ANSWER-divides the body into superior and inferior parts
What lies within the dorsal cavity? - ANSWER-the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic
cavity
What lies within the ventral body cavity? - ANSWER-thoracic cavity, pleural cavity,
thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
What is serosa? - ANSWER-membrane that lines the ventral body cavity and the outer
surface of the organs
What is pleurisy? - ANSWER-inflammation of the pleurae
What are the nine abdominopelvic regions? - ANSWER-R/L hypochondriac, epigastric,
R/L lumbar, umbilical, R/L hypogastric, hypogastric
What are genes? - ANSWER-sections of a chromosome that determine what proteins
are synthesized in the ribosomes
What transfers the information from the DNA to the ribosomes? - ANSWER-Messenger
RNA
Where is RNA made? - ANSWER-nucleolus
What are ribosomes? - ANSWER-tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins.
