PENN FOSTER PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
define agonist -ANSA drug with a high level of affinity and efficacy that binds to a
receptor and casues a specific action.
define contraindiction -ANSa reason not to use a drug in a particular situation, causes
undesirable side effects
define efficacy -ANSthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
define over the counter drug -ANSa drug that may be purchased without a prescription
from a vet
define prescription drug -ANSa drug that must be prescribed by a vet and taken while
under the supervision of a vet
define receptor -ANSa molecule located on a cell that binds with drugs or
neurotransmitters to cause an effect
define therapeutic index -ANSthe relationship between a drug's ability to achieve the
desired effect compared to its tendency to produce toxic effects. Expressed as a ration
between the LD and the ED. LD/ED 50% of the time.
define withdrawal time -ANSthe amount of time that must elapse between the end of
drug therapy and the elimination of that drug from the patients tissue or products.
define veterinarian client patient relationship -ANSthe relationship that must exist
between the veterinarians, hris or her patient and the patient's owner before prescription
drugs may be dispensed
List four sources of drugs used in veterinary medicine -ANSanimal products, plant
products, minerals, and synthetic products
what are four components of a drug regimen -ANSincludes the dose, the route of
administration, the frequency of administration, and the duration of administration
discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist. -ANS1. the vet must assume responsibility for
making clinical judgements in relation to the health of the animal. 2. the vet must have
, recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care and 3. the vet must be
available for follow up care of the animal.
discuss the responsibilities of a veterinary technician in the administration of drug
orders. -ANScarry out orders correctly, read the drug label 3x to ensure that the proper
drug is being adminstered and take care to administer the correct dose by the correct
route. be aware of posibble side effects and monitor patient in a responsible way.
Describe the sequense of events that a drug undergoes from administration to
excretion. -ANSa drug is first absorbed or directly placed into the bloodstream. In the
blood, the drug may bind with a plasma protein or exist in the free state. The circulating
blood distributes the drug to the capillary level, where the drug leaves the circulation
and enters the interstitial fluid. The interstitial fluid bathes the cell or bind with surface
receptors. The drug then exits the cell or its surface, moves back to interstitial fluid,
reenters circulation and then is metabolized in the liver and sent to the kidneys for
excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug and discuss the advatages and/or
disadvantages of each. -ANS1. oral route 2. SQ 3.IM 4. IV 5. IP 6. IA, intraarterial 7. IC,
intracardiac 8. IM, intramedullary 9. Inhalation 10. topical 11. intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption -ANS1. method of absorbtion, 2.
the ph of the durg and its ionization status, 3. the absorptive surface area, 4. the blood
supply to the area, 5. the solubility of the drug, 6. the dosage form, 7. the status of the gi
tract 8 interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in where? -ANSliver
Must durg excretion occurs via? -ANSkidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular -ANSreceptors
The drug name that is chosen by the manufacturer and that is the exclusive property of
that company is called -ANSproprietary/trade
What are six items that must be on a drug label? -ANS1.drug names 2.drug
concentration 3.name and address of the manufacturerer 4.controlled substance status
5.manufacturer's control or lot number 6. expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval and use
of animal health products? -ANSFDA, EPA and USDA
Why do many veterinary clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that
they use? -ANSprofit
EXAM WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
define agonist -ANSA drug with a high level of affinity and efficacy that binds to a
receptor and casues a specific action.
define contraindiction -ANSa reason not to use a drug in a particular situation, causes
undesirable side effects
define efficacy -ANSthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
define over the counter drug -ANSa drug that may be purchased without a prescription
from a vet
define prescription drug -ANSa drug that must be prescribed by a vet and taken while
under the supervision of a vet
define receptor -ANSa molecule located on a cell that binds with drugs or
neurotransmitters to cause an effect
define therapeutic index -ANSthe relationship between a drug's ability to achieve the
desired effect compared to its tendency to produce toxic effects. Expressed as a ration
between the LD and the ED. LD/ED 50% of the time.
define withdrawal time -ANSthe amount of time that must elapse between the end of
drug therapy and the elimination of that drug from the patients tissue or products.
define veterinarian client patient relationship -ANSthe relationship that must exist
between the veterinarians, hris or her patient and the patient's owner before prescription
drugs may be dispensed
List four sources of drugs used in veterinary medicine -ANSanimal products, plant
products, minerals, and synthetic products
what are four components of a drug regimen -ANSincludes the dose, the route of
administration, the frequency of administration, and the duration of administration
discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist. -ANS1. the vet must assume responsibility for
making clinical judgements in relation to the health of the animal. 2. the vet must have
, recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care and 3. the vet must be
available for follow up care of the animal.
discuss the responsibilities of a veterinary technician in the administration of drug
orders. -ANScarry out orders correctly, read the drug label 3x to ensure that the proper
drug is being adminstered and take care to administer the correct dose by the correct
route. be aware of posibble side effects and monitor patient in a responsible way.
Describe the sequense of events that a drug undergoes from administration to
excretion. -ANSa drug is first absorbed or directly placed into the bloodstream. In the
blood, the drug may bind with a plasma protein or exist in the free state. The circulating
blood distributes the drug to the capillary level, where the drug leaves the circulation
and enters the interstitial fluid. The interstitial fluid bathes the cell or bind with surface
receptors. The drug then exits the cell or its surface, moves back to interstitial fluid,
reenters circulation and then is metabolized in the liver and sent to the kidneys for
excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug and discuss the advatages and/or
disadvantages of each. -ANS1. oral route 2. SQ 3.IM 4. IV 5. IP 6. IA, intraarterial 7. IC,
intracardiac 8. IM, intramedullary 9. Inhalation 10. topical 11. intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption -ANS1. method of absorbtion, 2.
the ph of the durg and its ionization status, 3. the absorptive surface area, 4. the blood
supply to the area, 5. the solubility of the drug, 6. the dosage form, 7. the status of the gi
tract 8 interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in where? -ANSliver
Must durg excretion occurs via? -ANSkidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular -ANSreceptors
The drug name that is chosen by the manufacturer and that is the exclusive property of
that company is called -ANSproprietary/trade
What are six items that must be on a drug label? -ANS1.drug names 2.drug
concentration 3.name and address of the manufacturerer 4.controlled substance status
5.manufacturer's control or lot number 6. expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval and use
of animal health products? -ANSFDA, EPA and USDA
Why do many veterinary clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that
they use? -ANSprofit
