PENN FOSTER VETERINARY
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs -ANS
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system -ANSDrugs affect the nervous system by
acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their
actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs -ANSExpectorants, mucolytics, antitussives,
bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation -ANSNSAIDs, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs -ANS
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs -ANS
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work -ANSAntiparasitic drugs work by destroying
parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous
system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health -ANS
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control -ANSkeeping the staff
informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items
will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g.,
expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products,
organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders
on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: Agonist -ANSDrug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication -ANSA reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy -ANSthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
,Define: Over-the-counter drug -ANSOne that may be purchased without prescription
from a veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug -ANSOne that must be used under the supervision of a
veterinarina
Define: Receptor -ANSa group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a
drug to produce an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index -ANSexpresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic
and harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time -ANSAmount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship -ANSRelationship that must exist
between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med -ANSAnimal product, plant material, minerals,
synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? -ANSDose, route, frequency, and duration
of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist -ANS1.vet must assume responsibility for making
clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders -ANSTo
carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure
proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by
correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side
effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion
-ANSDrug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with
plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to
capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell
and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell
and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for
metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
,List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. -ANSOral, subcutaneous,
intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary,
inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption -ANSMethod of absorption, pH of
the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility
of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ -ANSLiver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ -ANSKidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ -
ANSReceptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company
is called -ANSTrade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? -ANSnames (generic and
trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot
number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use
of animal health products? -ANSFDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they
use? -ANSProfit earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products -ANSPurchased from manufacturers,
distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate
veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ -ANSThe
Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? -ANSProvides resources concerning the avoidance of
drug residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by
what act of congress? -ANSAnimal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding -ANSDiluting or combingin existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products -ANSMay cause allergic
reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant
strains of bacteria
, List 3 classes of drug interactions -ANSPharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and
pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized
by the_____ -ANSLiver
Define: Ethical Product -ANSone sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ -ANSMetabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ -ANSIndication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests -ANSA. Practical experience.
Define: extralabel -ANSUsing a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ -
ANSPharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________ -ANSby injections.
The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ -
ANSMetabolism (biotransformation)
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ -
ANSefficacy
An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? -ANSFalse
List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted
drugs. -ANS1.Incinerate when possible
2.Send to landfill when incinerated
3.Never flush down drain or toilet
4.Maintain close inventory control
5.Follow state and federal guidelines
6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
Name 4 common Drug Preparations -ANSDrugs for oral administration, drugs for
parenteral administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical inhalations.
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Distinguish between hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive drugs -ANS
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system -ANSDrugs affect the nervous system by
acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their
actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs -ANSExpectorants, mucolytics, antitussives,
bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation -ANSNSAIDs, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs -ANS
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs -ANS
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work -ANSAntiparasitic drugs work by destroying
parasites or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous
system to prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health -ANS
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control -ANSkeeping the staff
informed regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items
will be released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g.,
expired items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products,
organizing inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders
on arrival at the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: Agonist -ANSDrug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication -ANSA reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy -ANSthe degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
,Define: Over-the-counter drug -ANSOne that may be purchased without prescription
from a veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug -ANSOne that must be used under the supervision of a
veterinarina
Define: Receptor -ANSa group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a
drug to produce an effect
Define: Therapeutic Index -ANSexpresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic
and harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time -ANSAmount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship -ANSRelationship that must exist
between the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med -ANSAnimal product, plant material, minerals,
synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? -ANSDose, route, frequency, and duration
of administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist -ANS1.vet must assume responsibility for making
clinical judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders -ANSTo
carry out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure
proper drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by
correct route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side
effects and be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion
-ANSDrug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with
plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to
capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell
and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell
and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for
metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
,List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. -ANSOral, subcutaneous,
intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary,
inhalation, topical, intradermal
List some of the factors that influence drug absorption -ANSMethod of absorption, pH of
the drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility
of drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ -ANSLiver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ -ANSKidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ -
ANSReceptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company
is called -ANSTrade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? -ANSnames (generic and
trade) concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot
number, expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use
of animal health products? -ANSFDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they
use? -ANSProfit earned from selling products
Describe the marketing of animal health products -ANSPurchased from manufacturers,
distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate
veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ -ANSThe
Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? -ANSProvides resources concerning the avoidance of
drug residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by
what act of congress? -ANSAnimal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding -ANSDiluting or combingin existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products -ANSMay cause allergic
reaction or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant
strains of bacteria
, List 3 classes of drug interactions -ANSPharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and
pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized
by the_____ -ANSLiver
Define: Ethical Product -ANSone sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ -ANSMetabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ -ANSIndication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests -ANSA. Practical experience.
Define: extralabel -ANSUsing a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ -
ANSPharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________ -ANSby injections.
The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ -
ANSMetabolism (biotransformation)
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ -
ANSefficacy
An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? -ANSFalse
List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted
drugs. -ANS1.Incinerate when possible
2.Send to landfill when incinerated
3.Never flush down drain or toilet
4.Maintain close inventory control
5.Follow state and federal guidelines
6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
Name 4 common Drug Preparations -ANSDrugs for oral administration, drugs for
parenteral administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical inhalations.
