TEST BANK
|
,Chapter |1: |Cell |Adaptation, |Injury |and |Death
Ischemia |and |other |toxic |injuries |increase |the |accumulation |of |intracellular |calcium |as |a |result |of:
1.
A) release |of |stored |calcium |from |the |mitochondria.
B) improved |intracellular |volume |regulation.
C) decreased |influx |across |the |cell |membrane.
D) attraction |of |calcium |to |fatty |infiltrates.
The |patient |is |found |to |have |liver |disease, |resulting |in |the |removal |of |a |lobe |of |his |liver.
2. |Adaptation |to |the |reduced |size |of |the |liver |leads |to | of |the |remaining |liver |cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ |atrophy
C) compensatory |hyperplasia
| | D) physiologic |hypertrophy
A |person |eating |peanuts |starts |choking |and |collapses. |His |airway |obstruction |is |partially
|cleared, |but |he |remains |hypoxic |until |he |reaches |the |hospital. |The |prolonged |cell |hypoxia
3. |caused |a |cerebral |infarction |and |resulting | in |the |brain.
A) caspase |activation
B) coagulation |necrosis
C) rapid |phagocytosis
D) protein |p53 |deficiency
Bacteria |and |viruses |cause |cell |damage |by | , |which |is |unique |from |the |intracellular
4. |damage |caused |by |other |injurious |agents.
A) disrupting |the |sodium/potassium |ATPase |pump
B) interrupting |oxidative |metabolism |processes
| | C) replicating |and |producing |continued |injury
D) decreasing |protein |synthesis |and |function
The |patient |has |a |prolonged |interruption |in |arterial |blood |flow |to |his |left |kidney, |causing |hypoxic
5. |cell |injury |and |the |release |of |free |radicals. |Free |radicals |damage |cells |by:
A) destroying |phospholipids |in |the |cell |membrane.
B) altering |the |immune |response |of |the |cell.
C) disrupting |calcium |storage |in |the |cell.
D) inactivation |of |enzymes |and |mitochondria.
6. Injured |cells |have |impaired |flow |of |substances |through |the |cell |membrane |as |a |result |of:
A) increased |fat |load.
, B) altered |permeability.
C) altered |glucose |utilization.
D) increased |surface |receptors.
7. Reversible |adaptive |intracellular |responses |are |initiated |by:
A) stimulus |overload.
B) genetic |mutations.
C) chemical |messengers.
D) mitochondrial |DNA.
8. Injured |cells |become |very |swollen |as |a |result |of:
A) increased |cell |protein |synthesis.
B) altered |cell |volume |regulation.
C) passive |entry |of |potassium |into |the |cell.
D) bleb |formation |in |the |plasma |membrane.
A |diabetic |patient |has |impaired |sensation, |circulation, |and |oxygenation |of |his |feet. |He |steps |on |a
|piece |of |glass, |the |wound |does |not |heal, |and |the |area |tissue |becomes |necrotic. |The |necrotic |cell
9. |death |is |characterized |by:
A) rapid |apoptosis.
B) cellular |rupture.
C) shrinkage |and |collapse.
D) chronic |inflammation.
A |99-year-old |woman |has |experienced |the |decline |of |cell |function |associated |with |age. |A |group
10. |of |theories |of |cellular |aging |focus |on |programmed:
A) changes |with |genetic |influences.
B) elimination |of |cell |receptor |sites.
C) insufficient |telomerase |enzyme.
| | D) DNA |mutation |or |faulty |repair.
An |89-year-old |female |patient |has |experienced |significant |decreases |in |her |mobility |and
|stamina |during |a |3-week |hospital |stay |for |the |treatment |of |a |femoral |head |fracture. |Which |of
the |following |phenomena |most |likely |accounts |for |the |patients |decrease |in |muscle |function |that
11. |underlies |her |reduced |mobility?
A) Impaired |muscle |cell |metabolism |resulting |from |metaplasia
B) Dysplasia |as |a |consequence |of |inflammation |during |bone |remodeling
C) Disuse |atrophy |of |muscle |cells |during |a |prolonged |period |of |immobility
D) Ischemic |atrophy |resulting |from |vascular |changes |while |on |bedrest
, A |20-year-old |college |student |has |presented |to |her |campus |medical |clinic |for |a |scheduled
|Papanicolaou |(Pap) |smear. |The |clinician |who |will |interpret |the |smear |will |examine |cell |samples
12. |for |evidence |of:
A) changes |in |cell |shape, |size, |and |organization.
B) the |presence |of |unexpected |cell |types.
| | C) ischemic |changes |in |cell |samples.
D) abnormally |high |numbers |of |cells |in |a |specified |field.
Which |of |the |following |pathophysiologic |processes |is |most |likely |to |result |in |metastatic
| | 13. |calcification?
A) Benign |prostatic |hyperplasia
B) Liver |cirrhosis
C) Impaired |glycogen |metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite |the |low |levels |of |radiation |used |in |contemporary |radiologic |imaging, |a |radiology
|technician |is |aware |of |the |need |to |minimize |her |exposure |to |ionizing |radiation. |What |is |the
14. |primary |rationale |for |the |technicians |precautions?
A) Radiation |stimulates |pathologic |cell |hypertrophy |and |hyperplasia.
B) Radiation |results |in |the |accumulation |of |endogenous |waste |products |in |the |cytoplasm.
C) Radiation |interferes |with |DNA |synthesis |and |mitosis.
D) Radiation |decreases |the |action |potential |of |rapidly |dividing |cells.
The |parents |of |a |4-year-old |girl |have |sought |care |because |their |daughter |has |admitted |to |chewing
|and |swallowing |imported |toy |figurines |that |have |been |determined |to |be |made |of |lead. |Which |of
15. |the |following |blood |tests |should |the |care |team |prioritize?
| | A) White |blood |cell |levels |with |differential
B) Red |blood |cell |levels |and |morphology
C) Urea |and |creatinine |levels
D) Liver |function |panel
A |70-year-old |male |patient |has |been |admitted |to |a |hospital |for |the |treatment |of |a |recent
hemorrhagic |stroke |that |has |left |him |with |numerous |motor |and |sensory|deficits. |These |deficits |are
16. |most |likely |the |result |of |which |of |the |following |mechanisms |of |cell |injury?
A) Free |radical |injury
B) Hypoxia |and |ATP |depletion
C) Interference |with |DNA |synthesis
D) Impaired |calcium |homeostasis
|
,Chapter |1: |Cell |Adaptation, |Injury |and |Death
Ischemia |and |other |toxic |injuries |increase |the |accumulation |of |intracellular |calcium |as |a |result |of:
1.
A) release |of |stored |calcium |from |the |mitochondria.
B) improved |intracellular |volume |regulation.
C) decreased |influx |across |the |cell |membrane.
D) attraction |of |calcium |to |fatty |infiltrates.
The |patient |is |found |to |have |liver |disease, |resulting |in |the |removal |of |a |lobe |of |his |liver.
2. |Adaptation |to |the |reduced |size |of |the |liver |leads |to | of |the |remaining |liver |cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ |atrophy
C) compensatory |hyperplasia
| | D) physiologic |hypertrophy
A |person |eating |peanuts |starts |choking |and |collapses. |His |airway |obstruction |is |partially
|cleared, |but |he |remains |hypoxic |until |he |reaches |the |hospital. |The |prolonged |cell |hypoxia
3. |caused |a |cerebral |infarction |and |resulting | in |the |brain.
A) caspase |activation
B) coagulation |necrosis
C) rapid |phagocytosis
D) protein |p53 |deficiency
Bacteria |and |viruses |cause |cell |damage |by | , |which |is |unique |from |the |intracellular
4. |damage |caused |by |other |injurious |agents.
A) disrupting |the |sodium/potassium |ATPase |pump
B) interrupting |oxidative |metabolism |processes
| | C) replicating |and |producing |continued |injury
D) decreasing |protein |synthesis |and |function
The |patient |has |a |prolonged |interruption |in |arterial |blood |flow |to |his |left |kidney, |causing |hypoxic
5. |cell |injury |and |the |release |of |free |radicals. |Free |radicals |damage |cells |by:
A) destroying |phospholipids |in |the |cell |membrane.
B) altering |the |immune |response |of |the |cell.
C) disrupting |calcium |storage |in |the |cell.
D) inactivation |of |enzymes |and |mitochondria.
6. Injured |cells |have |impaired |flow |of |substances |through |the |cell |membrane |as |a |result |of:
A) increased |fat |load.
, B) altered |permeability.
C) altered |glucose |utilization.
D) increased |surface |receptors.
7. Reversible |adaptive |intracellular |responses |are |initiated |by:
A) stimulus |overload.
B) genetic |mutations.
C) chemical |messengers.
D) mitochondrial |DNA.
8. Injured |cells |become |very |swollen |as |a |result |of:
A) increased |cell |protein |synthesis.
B) altered |cell |volume |regulation.
C) passive |entry |of |potassium |into |the |cell.
D) bleb |formation |in |the |plasma |membrane.
A |diabetic |patient |has |impaired |sensation, |circulation, |and |oxygenation |of |his |feet. |He |steps |on |a
|piece |of |glass, |the |wound |does |not |heal, |and |the |area |tissue |becomes |necrotic. |The |necrotic |cell
9. |death |is |characterized |by:
A) rapid |apoptosis.
B) cellular |rupture.
C) shrinkage |and |collapse.
D) chronic |inflammation.
A |99-year-old |woman |has |experienced |the |decline |of |cell |function |associated |with |age. |A |group
10. |of |theories |of |cellular |aging |focus |on |programmed:
A) changes |with |genetic |influences.
B) elimination |of |cell |receptor |sites.
C) insufficient |telomerase |enzyme.
| | D) DNA |mutation |or |faulty |repair.
An |89-year-old |female |patient |has |experienced |significant |decreases |in |her |mobility |and
|stamina |during |a |3-week |hospital |stay |for |the |treatment |of |a |femoral |head |fracture. |Which |of
the |following |phenomena |most |likely |accounts |for |the |patients |decrease |in |muscle |function |that
11. |underlies |her |reduced |mobility?
A) Impaired |muscle |cell |metabolism |resulting |from |metaplasia
B) Dysplasia |as |a |consequence |of |inflammation |during |bone |remodeling
C) Disuse |atrophy |of |muscle |cells |during |a |prolonged |period |of |immobility
D) Ischemic |atrophy |resulting |from |vascular |changes |while |on |bedrest
, A |20-year-old |college |student |has |presented |to |her |campus |medical |clinic |for |a |scheduled
|Papanicolaou |(Pap) |smear. |The |clinician |who |will |interpret |the |smear |will |examine |cell |samples
12. |for |evidence |of:
A) changes |in |cell |shape, |size, |and |organization.
B) the |presence |of |unexpected |cell |types.
| | C) ischemic |changes |in |cell |samples.
D) abnormally |high |numbers |of |cells |in |a |specified |field.
Which |of |the |following |pathophysiologic |processes |is |most |likely |to |result |in |metastatic
| | 13. |calcification?
A) Benign |prostatic |hyperplasia
B) Liver |cirrhosis
C) Impaired |glycogen |metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite |the |low |levels |of |radiation |used |in |contemporary |radiologic |imaging, |a |radiology
|technician |is |aware |of |the |need |to |minimize |her |exposure |to |ionizing |radiation. |What |is |the
14. |primary |rationale |for |the |technicians |precautions?
A) Radiation |stimulates |pathologic |cell |hypertrophy |and |hyperplasia.
B) Radiation |results |in |the |accumulation |of |endogenous |waste |products |in |the |cytoplasm.
C) Radiation |interferes |with |DNA |synthesis |and |mitosis.
D) Radiation |decreases |the |action |potential |of |rapidly |dividing |cells.
The |parents |of |a |4-year-old |girl |have |sought |care |because |their |daughter |has |admitted |to |chewing
|and |swallowing |imported |toy |figurines |that |have |been |determined |to |be |made |of |lead. |Which |of
15. |the |following |blood |tests |should |the |care |team |prioritize?
| | A) White |blood |cell |levels |with |differential
B) Red |blood |cell |levels |and |morphology
C) Urea |and |creatinine |levels
D) Liver |function |panel
A |70-year-old |male |patient |has |been |admitted |to |a |hospital |for |the |treatment |of |a |recent
hemorrhagic |stroke |that |has |left |him |with |numerous |motor |and |sensory|deficits. |These |deficits |are
16. |most |likely |the |result |of |which |of |the |following |mechanisms |of |cell |injury?
A) Free |radical |injury
B) Hypoxia |and |ATP |depletion
C) Interference |with |DNA |synthesis
D) Impaired |calcium |homeostasis
