Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing – Hopper & Williams, 7th Edition | Complete Study Guide (Chapters 1–57)

STUDY GUIDE

Davis Advantage for Understanding
Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition
By Hopper, Williams, All Chapter's 1 - 57




1

,(Davis Advantage for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing, 7e Linda Williams, Paula Hopper)
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Answers
CHAPTER 1 g c
to collect appropriate data, identify a patient problem, and d
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etermine the best possible plan of action. Clinicaljudgment i
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CRITICAL THINKING,
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g c
s based on good critical thinking.
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CLINICAL JUDGMENT, ANDTHE gc gc gc gc
Cue
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NURSING PROCESS gc

Definition: Significant or relevant data. Not all data are
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cues (relevant), but all cues are data.
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AUDIO CASE STUDY g c g c
Collaboration
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
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ove patient outcomes. gc gc

1. Identify and analyze cues; prioritize hypotheses; generatesolutio
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ns; take action; evaluate outcomes; repeat.
gc gc gc gc gc Intervention
2. Jane was exhausted, failed a test, and was pulled in too many
gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc g Definition: Taking action to carry out a plan. gc gc gc gc gc gc gc


directions. She was also crying in her car and hadpoor study
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Evaluation
habits and not enough sleep. gc gc gc gc



3. Jane’s resources included a good friend, sick time fromwork,
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Definition: Comparing the outcomes you expected withactuagc gc gc gc gc gc gc




and wasted time between classes that she could better utiliz
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l outcomes. Did the plan work? Were expected outcomes
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e. Your resources will be different, but theyexist!
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met?
4. Critical thinking— gc Vigilance
the why: Jane uses critical thinking to determine why her curr
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Definition: The act of being attentive, alert, and watchful.
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ent plan isn’t working. She thinks honestly about her poor st
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udy habits, her time- gc gc gc
CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICALJUDGMENT gc g c gc gc

management problems, and the impact this is having onher a
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nd her family. gc gc
Critical thinking and clinical judgment both follow a similarformat.
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Clinical judgment— gc
Both follow steps from collecting data to determin-
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the do: Jane uses her thinking todevelop and carry out a plan th
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ing problems and outcomes, developing and taking actions, and e
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at uses her resources and provides more productive study time
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valuating outcomes. However, critical thinking helps you think ab
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and more quality time with her kids.
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out the problem: What is it? Why is it happen-
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ing? And clinical judgment leads you to do something to manage t
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VOCABULARY he problem.
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Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
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CUE RECOGNITION gc



Nursing process g c
You will do many things for each individual, but the FIRSTthing is listed b
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Definition: An organizing framework that links thinking with nur
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sing actions. Steps include assessment/data collection, nursing
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diagnosis, planning, implementation,and evaluation.
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1. Sit the patient upright.
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2. Call 911 while running across the street.
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Critical thinking gc
3. Elevate the feet off the bed by placing a pillow under thecalves
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Definition: The use of those cognitive (knowledge) skills or strat
gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc and allowing the feet to hang off the edge of the pillow.
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egies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. Also
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4. Check blood glucose and have a glucose source ready.
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involves reflection, problem-
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5. Turn the patient to the side to prevent aspiration.
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solving, andrelated thinking skills. gc gc gc gc




Clinical judgment gc




Definition: The observed outcome of critical thinking and decisio
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n making. A process that uses nursing knowledge
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,2 Chapter 1 gc Answers

CRITICAL THINKING g c




This is just one possible way to complete a cognitive map.
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Could it be low gc gc gc Am I diabetic? gc gc Frontal area gc "Sick" feeling
gc Hard Tylenol helps gc Hunger makes gc

blood sugar? gc it worse gc




Patient's Where is it? gc gc Quality Aggravating and g c
perception alleviating factors gc




Food helps gc


Headache



Useful othe gc Severity Timing
r
data



Sometimes fee g c Mother is gc
7–8 on 0– gc gc Lasts 1–2 hours Before meals gc Early in the gc gc

l
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diabetic 10 once starts morning
sick to stomac
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scale
h

REVIEW QUESTIONS g c taking vital signs; data collection is the first step in the nursin
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g process. (2, 3, 4) are all steps in the nursing process, for w
The correct answers are in boldface.
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hich the registered nurse is responsible; the LPN/LVN may a
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1. (2) Critical thinking can lead to better outcomes for the patie
gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc ssist the registered nurse with these. Nitroglycerin should not
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nt. (1, 3, 4) may be true but are not the best answer.
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2. (4) is correct. The nurse who can admit to not knowingsom
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ssure.
ething is exhibiting intellectual humility. (1) showsexpertise
gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc 7. (2) indicates that the patient is concerned about freedomfrom
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but not necessarily intellectual humility;
gc gc gc gc cinjury and harm. (1) relates to basic needs such as air, oxygen
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(2) reporting an error shows intellectual integrity; gc gc gc gc gc
, and water. (3) relates to feeling loved. (4) isrelated to having
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(3) empathizing is positive but does is not evidenceof hu gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc
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mility. 8. (3, 1, 2, 4) is the correct order according to Maslow.
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3. (3, 4, 5, 1, 2) is the correct order.
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9. (5, 2, 1, 4, 6, 3) is the correct order.
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4. (1) is the best definition. (2, 3, 4) do not define criticalthin
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10. (3) shows the patient is actually taking action. (1, 2, 4)are a
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king but are examples of good thinking.
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ll positive but do not show intent to take action.
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5. (4) is correct. Evaluation determines whether goals are achieve
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11. (4) is the nurse’s analysis of the situation. (1, 2) aredata;
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d and interventions effective. (2) is the role of thephysician. (1,
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(3) is a recommendation.
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3) encompass data collection and imple-
gc gc gc gc gc gc 12. (1, 2, 3, 4) should be present. Since the data providesonly
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mentation, which are earlier steps in the nursing process.
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6. (1) is correct. The licensed practical nurse/licensed voca-
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gcnot necessary. gc



tional nurse (LPN/LVN) can collect data, which includes
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1

, Answers
CHAPTER 2 g c
EVIDENCE-BASED g c PRACTICE
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE gc 1. proof
2. context
AUDIO CASE STUDY g c g c
3. quality
4. care
Marie and Evidence-Based Practice
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5. randomized
1. Thirdhand smoke is the dangerous toxins of smoke thatlinger
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6. outcomes
on hair, clothing, furniture, and other surfaces inan area afte
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r a cigarette is put out. Marie learned that exposure to these
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toxins can be neurotoxic to children and can trigger asthma a
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9. patient’s
ttacks in sensitive people. gc gc gc
10. information
2. Evidence-
based practice is considered the gold standardof health care.
gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc CLINICAL JUDGMENT g c



3. Step 1: Ask the burning question. Step 2: Search and colle
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ct the most relevant and best evidence available.Step 3: Th
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1. By questioning the existing way of doing things to ensure
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ink critically. Appraise the evidence for validity, relevance
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that the patient receives the best care possible
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to the situation, and applicability.
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2. A thorough search of the literature, with the assistance ofthe m
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Step 4: Measure the outcomes before and after institutingthe c
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edical librarian, in the area of their burning ques-
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hange. Step 5: Make it happen. Step 6: Evaluate the practice de
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tion regarding music reducing preoperative anxiety.
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cision or change. gc gc
3. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (C gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc




4. Combination therapy with a nicotine patch and nicotine lozeng gc gc gc gc gc gc gc gc
INAHL) Database, Joanna Briggs Instituteevidence- gc gc gc gc gc




es worked best, although bupropion (Zyban) or varenicline (C
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based resources, Cochrane Reviews, Medline/PubMed
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hantix) and nicotine lozenges worked well,too. A Cochrane Re
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4. Measure patient outcomes before instituting the evidence-
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view found that advice and support from nursing staff can incre
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based change in practice so comparisons canbe made after i
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ase patients’ success in quit-
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mplementation to determine if the inter-vention worked gc gc gc gc gc gc gc



ting smoking, especially in a hospital setting.
gc gc gc gc gc gc gc 5. Evaluate the results to determine whether the changemade
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a significant difference and if it was valuable interms of cost
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VOCABULARY and time
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Sample sentences will vary for the Vocabulary problems.
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REVIEW QUESTIONS g c



1. Evidence- The correct answers are in boldface.
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based practice: A systematic process that usescurrent evidence
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in making decisions about patient care.
gc gc gc gc gc gc 1. (3) is correct. Providing an explanation of why some-
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2. Evidence- thing is done promotes the understanding for why it is impo
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informed practice: Consideration of patient factors along with t
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rtant to be done and therefore will more likely be done. (1,
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he use of evidence for shared decisionmaking between the healt
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2, 4) only communicate the need to perform atask. They do
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h-care provider and the patient. gc gc gc gc
not provide rationale for the task to pro-
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3. Randomized controlled trials: True experimental studiesin wh gc gc gc gc gc gc gc
mote understanding of the importance of the task.
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ich as many factors as possible that could falsely change the re
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2. (3) is correct. Evidence-
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sults are controlled. gc gc
based nursing care that has been evaluated as appropriate for a
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4. Research: Scientific study, investigation, or experimenta-
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n agency provides the best and safest patient care. (1) Opinions
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tion to establish facts and analyze their significance.
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may not be based on
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5. Systematic review: A review of relevant research usingguideli
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nes.