,PARTS OF SPEECH
Verbs
Nouns - actions/states of being in a sentence
- subject/objects in a sentence - adverbs describe verbs
- adjectives describes nouns
Finite Verb:
- has a subject
Present Participles as Nouns/Adjectives - concord agreement ( singular + singular, plural + plural )
- definite tense ( can say when it happened )
Noun
- Gerund Non-Finite Verb:
- Positioning: followed directly by verb - infinitive verbs: to laugh, to cry
- Eg. Laughing is good for the soul - never split the “to” —> must always be infront of verb
- present participes: laughing, crying ( action that ends in
Adjective -ing )
- Gerundive - for these to be used correctly you need to add auxiliary
- Positioning: followed directly by a noun verbs infront of them
- Eg. I saw the laughing children - eg. Is laughing, will be crying
- also needs a subject in order to be correct
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Sound Effects Comparison
1. Alliteration: repetition of consonants 1. Simile: uses the words like or as
2. Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds 2. Metaphor: direct comparison
3. Onomatopoeia: sounds like the what it represents 3. Personification: representing a non-human thing as a
person
Overstatement and Understatement
1. Hyperbole: extreme exaggeration 4. Apostrophe: addresses a person not present ( could
be a place, thing or idea )
2. Litotes/Understatement: stating less then you feel
Contrast and Contradiction
3. Anti-Clímax: descent from something serious to 1. Oxymoron: 2 words together that contradict each
unimportant other
4. Bathos: similar to anti-climax, but considered an 2. Paradox: contradiction used to express a truth
error in writing Eg. The child is the father to the men
Ambiguity ( double meaning ) 3. Antithesis: balanced opposites in a sentence to
1. Euphemism: pleasant phrasing of a harsh truth emphasize the contrast
2. Innuendo: indirect suggestion Allusions:
1. Classical Allusions: Greek myths
3. Puns: deliberate use of double meaning
2. Biblical Allusions: references to the Bible
4. Ambivalence: clever double meaning
Eg. BMW beats the bends ( Benz )
Verbs
Nouns - actions/states of being in a sentence
- subject/objects in a sentence - adverbs describe verbs
- adjectives describes nouns
Finite Verb:
- has a subject
Present Participles as Nouns/Adjectives - concord agreement ( singular + singular, plural + plural )
- definite tense ( can say when it happened )
Noun
- Gerund Non-Finite Verb:
- Positioning: followed directly by verb - infinitive verbs: to laugh, to cry
- Eg. Laughing is good for the soul - never split the “to” —> must always be infront of verb
- present participes: laughing, crying ( action that ends in
Adjective -ing )
- Gerundive - for these to be used correctly you need to add auxiliary
- Positioning: followed directly by a noun verbs infront of them
- Eg. I saw the laughing children - eg. Is laughing, will be crying
- also needs a subject in order to be correct
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Sound Effects Comparison
1. Alliteration: repetition of consonants 1. Simile: uses the words like or as
2. Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds 2. Metaphor: direct comparison
3. Onomatopoeia: sounds like the what it represents 3. Personification: representing a non-human thing as a
person
Overstatement and Understatement
1. Hyperbole: extreme exaggeration 4. Apostrophe: addresses a person not present ( could
be a place, thing or idea )
2. Litotes/Understatement: stating less then you feel
Contrast and Contradiction
3. Anti-Clímax: descent from something serious to 1. Oxymoron: 2 words together that contradict each
unimportant other
4. Bathos: similar to anti-climax, but considered an 2. Paradox: contradiction used to express a truth
error in writing Eg. The child is the father to the men
Ambiguity ( double meaning ) 3. Antithesis: balanced opposites in a sentence to
1. Euphemism: pleasant phrasing of a harsh truth emphasize the contrast
2. Innuendo: indirect suggestion Allusions:
1. Classical Allusions: Greek myths
3. Puns: deliberate use of double meaning
2. Biblical Allusions: references to the Bible
4. Ambivalence: clever double meaning
Eg. BMW beats the bends ( Benz )
