TEST BANK for A History of World
t t t t t t
Societies, 12th Edition by Merry E.
t t t t t t
Wiesner-Hanks
COMPLETE CHAPTERS 1-
t t
33| A+ GRADED ALL ANSWERS AT THE BACK OF EA
t t t t t t t t t
CH CHAPTER
t
Paget|t1
, Chaptert01_Essay
Answerteachtoftthetfollowingtquestionstwithtantessay.tBetsurettotincludetspecifictexamplestthattsupporttyourtth
esistandtconclusions.
1. Whattaretsometoftthetproblemstintusingtevidencetfromtcontemporarytgatherertsocietiesttotstudytearlythum
ans?
2. HowtdidtearlytHomoterectustspreadtouttoftEasttAfricatintotothertpartstoftthetworld?tWheretdidttheytgo,tan
dthowtearlytdidttheytreachtthosetplaces?
3. WhattweretthetkeytfeaturestoftPaleolithictfoodtattainmenttandtPaleolithictdiets?
4. WhattaretsometoftthettheoriestabouttgendertrelationshipstintPaleolithictsocieties?tWhattchangedtintthos
etrelationshipstintthetNeolithictperiod?tWhattkindstoftevidencetaretusedtintsupportingtortarguingtagainsttt
hesettheories?
5. Whattistthetrelationshiptbetweentpastoralism,tdisease,tandthumans?
6. Howtdidtmaterialtgoodstcreate,tdefine,tandtperpetuatetsocialthierarchiestintNeolithictsocieties?
AnswertKey
1. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• Becausetthetearliestthumanstdidtnottleavetbehindtwrittentevidence,tscientiststhavetstudiedtmoretrecen
ttsocietiestthattlivedtbytsimilartgatheringtmeans.tHowever,tmosttevidencetabouttrecenttgatherertsocietiestwast
writtentbytexternaltsourcestandtthustincludesttheirtbiasestandtexpectations,tsuchtastthetinferioritytoftforagingta
statlifestyle.tFurthermore,tfewtmoderntforagerstortgathererstarettrulytisolatedtfromtthetinfluencetoftothertagricu
lturaltortindustrialtcultures.tAlso,tthistapproachtassumestthattgatherer
Paget|t2
,societiestaretsomehowtstatictandtremaintunchangedtovertmanytcenturies,twhichtignorestthetevidencetofthowta
daptabletsuchtsocietiestreallytare.
2. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• HomoterectustmigratedtouttoftEasttAfricatintotcentraltAfrica,tandtthentintotnortherntAfrica.tThistmigr
ationttooktplacet2tmilliontyearstago.tAstearlytast1.8tmilliontyearstago,tHomoterectusthadtspreadttotAsia,treach
ingtChinatandtJavatbyt1.5tmilliontyearstago.tThesetmigrationsttooktplacetovertland,talongtcoastlinetroutes.tBe
causetseatlevelstweretlowertthen,tindividualstcouldtcrosstfromtthetmainlandtoftChinattotJavatontfoot.tHomoter
ectustalsotmovedtnorthwardtfromtAfrica,tintotSpaintbyt800,000tyearstagotandtintotGermanyt500,000tyearstag
o.tInteachtoftthesetplaces,ttheytadaptedthuntingtandtgatheringttechniquesttotthetlocaltenvironment.
3. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• ThetPaleolithictdiettconsistedtoftatcombinationtoftplantstandtanimaltprotein.tPaleolithictpeoplestfora
gedtforttheirtfood,tengagingtintwhattwetwouldtconsidertatcombinationtofthunting,tscavenging,tandtgathering
.tMosttoftwhatttheytatetweretplants.tAnimaltproteintoftentcametfromtscavengedtfoodstliketinsectstandtshellfi
shtrathertthantbeingthuntedtdirectly.tIttistunknowntasttotwhethertlabortwastdividedtbetweentgenders,tbuttintto
day'stforagingtsocieties,ttheretistsometdivision,twithtmentengagingtinthuntingtlargetanimalstandtwomentresp
onsibletfortgatheringtplantstandtsmalltanimals.tItttooktbetweenttentandttwentythourstpertweekttotgathertfood,
tbuttthistnumbertvariedtdependingtontenvironmentaltfactorstandtgrouptdecisions.tBecausetPaleolithictpeopl
esthadttotforagetforttheirtdiet,ttheytexpendedtenergytand,tintgeneral,tavoidedtdiseasestcommontintsedentaryts
ocieties.tLifetspanstweretkepttintchecktbytaccidents,tinjuries,tandtinfections.
4. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• Studiestoftmoretrecenttforagingtsocietiestsuggesttthattwomentweretvaluedtforttheirtlabor,twhichtwast
recognizedtastequalttotthetworktoftmen.tBothtmentandtwomentforagedtfortfood,tandtbothtparticipatedtinthunti
ng.tOthertscholarsttheorizetthatteventintPaleolithictsocietytonetpersontmaythavetemergedtastatleader,tperhapst
basedtontpersonaltskill,tandtthattthistpersontwastalmosttalwaystatman.tIttistmoretcertaintthattbytthetNeolithictp
eriod,taftertthetinventiontoftplowtagriculture,tsocietytbecametmorethierarchicaltandtmenttooktontmoretoftatpu
blic,telitetstatus.tWomentweretlimitedttotthethometortenclosedtspaces,tandtlandtinheritancetfavoredtmentovert
women.tEvidencetfortgendertrolestintthetNeolithictperiodtcomestfromtlatertwrittenttraditions.
Paget|t3
, 5. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• Pastoralismtistthetherdingtandtraisingtoftlivestock.tIttrequiresthumansttotlivetintclosetcontacttwithttheirt
herdtanimals,tthustexposingthumansttotvarioustanimal-
bornetdiseases,tsuchtastsmallpox.tInitially,texposurettotdiseasestmaythavetcausedthighertmortalitytratestintpast
oralisttsocieties,tbuttoverttime,t humanstwouldthavetdevelopedtsometresistancettotthem.tForagerstweretnottexp
osedttotthesetdiseasestandtthustdidtnottdeveloptanytresistancettotthem.tWhentatpastoralisttsocietytencounteredt
atforagertsociety,tthistmightthavetledtthetformerttotexposetthetlatterttotdeadlytpathogens.
6. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• Thetpossessiontoftmaterialtgoods—suchtastlivestock,tdwellingtstructures,tplows,tcarts,tandtpots—
indicatedtthattsometindividualsthadtcontroltovertmoretlabor.tLabortwastusedttotacquiretmaterialtgoods.tThet
moretmaterialtgoodstonethad,tthetmoretlabortonetcontrolled.tThistindicatedtstatus;ttotcontroltlabortwasttothav
etathighertstatustthantothers.tHavingtmaterialtgoodstgavetonetthetabilityttotacquiretyettmoretmaterialtgoodsta
ndttotcontinuettotacquiretstatus.tMaterialtgoods,talongtwithtland,tcouldtalsotconstitutetantinheritance,tandtthu
stperpetuatetstatustintotthetnexttgeneration.
Chaptert01_Matching
Usetthetfollowingttotanswertquestionst1-15:
SelecttthetwordtortphrasetfromtthetTermstsectiontthattbesttmatchestthetdefinitiontortexampletprovidedtintthetDe
finitionstsection.
Terms
a. pastoralism
b. Neanderthals
c. divisiontoftlabor
d. animism
e. socialthierarchies
f. patriarchy
g. Paleolithictera
h. AgriculturaltRevolution
g. foraging
h. shamans
Paget|t4
t t t t t t
Societies, 12th Edition by Merry E.
t t t t t t
Wiesner-Hanks
COMPLETE CHAPTERS 1-
t t
33| A+ GRADED ALL ANSWERS AT THE BACK OF EA
t t t t t t t t t
CH CHAPTER
t
Paget|t1
, Chaptert01_Essay
Answerteachtoftthetfollowingtquestionstwithtantessay.tBetsurettotincludetspecifictexamplestthattsupporttyourtth
esistandtconclusions.
1. Whattaretsometoftthetproblemstintusingtevidencetfromtcontemporarytgatherertsocietiesttotstudytearlythum
ans?
2. HowtdidtearlytHomoterectustspreadtouttoftEasttAfricatintotothertpartstoftthetworld?tWheretdidttheytgo,tan
dthowtearlytdidttheytreachtthosetplaces?
3. WhattweretthetkeytfeaturestoftPaleolithictfoodtattainmenttandtPaleolithictdiets?
4. WhattaretsometoftthettheoriestabouttgendertrelationshipstintPaleolithictsocieties?tWhattchangedtintthos
etrelationshipstintthetNeolithictperiod?tWhattkindstoftevidencetaretusedtintsupportingtortarguingtagainsttt
hesettheories?
5. Whattistthetrelationshiptbetweentpastoralism,tdisease,tandthumans?
6. Howtdidtmaterialtgoodstcreate,tdefine,tandtperpetuatetsocialthierarchiestintNeolithictsocieties?
AnswertKey
1. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• Becausetthetearliestthumanstdidtnottleavetbehindtwrittentevidence,tscientiststhavetstudiedtmoretrecen
ttsocietiestthattlivedtbytsimilartgatheringtmeans.tHowever,tmosttevidencetabouttrecenttgatherertsocietiestwast
writtentbytexternaltsourcestandtthustincludesttheirtbiasestandtexpectations,tsuchtastthetinferioritytoftforagingta
statlifestyle.tFurthermore,tfewtmoderntforagerstortgathererstarettrulytisolatedtfromtthetinfluencetoftothertagricu
lturaltortindustrialtcultures.tAlso,tthistapproachtassumestthattgatherer
Paget|t2
,societiestaretsomehowtstatictandtremaintunchangedtovertmanytcenturies,twhichtignorestthetevidencetofthowta
daptabletsuchtsocietiestreallytare.
2. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• HomoterectustmigratedtouttoftEasttAfricatintotcentraltAfrica,tandtthentintotnortherntAfrica.tThistmigr
ationttooktplacet2tmilliontyearstago.tAstearlytast1.8tmilliontyearstago,tHomoterectusthadtspreadttotAsia,treach
ingtChinatandtJavatbyt1.5tmilliontyearstago.tThesetmigrationsttooktplacetovertland,talongtcoastlinetroutes.tBe
causetseatlevelstweretlowertthen,tindividualstcouldtcrosstfromtthetmainlandtoftChinattotJavatontfoot.tHomoter
ectustalsotmovedtnorthwardtfromtAfrica,tintotSpaintbyt800,000tyearstagotandtintotGermanyt500,000tyearstag
o.tInteachtoftthesetplaces,ttheytadaptedthuntingtandtgatheringttechniquesttotthetlocaltenvironment.
3. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• ThetPaleolithictdiettconsistedtoftatcombinationtoftplantstandtanimaltprotein.tPaleolithictpeoplestfora
gedtforttheirtfood,tengagingtintwhattwetwouldtconsidertatcombinationtofthunting,tscavenging,tandtgathering
.tMosttoftwhatttheytatetweretplants.tAnimaltproteintoftentcametfromtscavengedtfoodstliketinsectstandtshellfi
shtrathertthantbeingthuntedtdirectly.tIttistunknowntasttotwhethertlabortwastdividedtbetweentgenders,tbuttintto
day'stforagingtsocieties,ttheretistsometdivision,twithtmentengagingtinthuntingtlargetanimalstandtwomentresp
onsibletfortgatheringtplantstandtsmalltanimals.tItttooktbetweenttentandttwentythourstpertweekttotgathertfood,
tbuttthistnumbertvariedtdependingtontenvironmentaltfactorstandtgrouptdecisions.tBecausetPaleolithictpeopl
esthadttotforagetforttheirtdiet,ttheytexpendedtenergytand,tintgeneral,tavoidedtdiseasestcommontintsedentaryts
ocieties.tLifetspanstweretkepttintchecktbytaccidents,tinjuries,tandtinfections.
4. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• Studiestoftmoretrecenttforagingtsocietiestsuggesttthattwomentweretvaluedtforttheirtlabor,twhichtwast
recognizedtastequalttotthetworktoftmen.tBothtmentandtwomentforagedtfortfood,tandtbothtparticipatedtinthunti
ng.tOthertscholarsttheorizetthatteventintPaleolithictsocietytonetpersontmaythavetemergedtastatleader,tperhapst
basedtontpersonaltskill,tandtthattthistpersontwastalmosttalwaystatman.tIttistmoretcertaintthattbytthetNeolithictp
eriod,taftertthetinventiontoftplowtagriculture,tsocietytbecametmorethierarchicaltandtmenttooktontmoretoftatpu
blic,telitetstatus.tWomentweretlimitedttotthethometortenclosedtspaces,tandtlandtinheritancetfavoredtmentovert
women.tEvidencetfortgendertrolestintthetNeolithictperiodtcomestfromtlatertwrittenttraditions.
Paget|t3
, 5. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• Pastoralismtistthetherdingtandtraisingtoftlivestock.tIttrequiresthumansttotlivetintclosetcontacttwithttheirt
herdtanimals,tthustexposingthumansttotvarioustanimal-
bornetdiseases,tsuchtastsmallpox.tInitially,texposurettotdiseasestmaythavetcausedthighertmortalitytratestintpast
oralisttsocieties,tbuttoverttime,t humanstwouldthavetdevelopedtsometresistancettotthem.tForagerstweretnottexp
osedttotthesetdiseasestandtthustdidtnottdeveloptanytresistancettotthem.tWhentatpastoralisttsocietytencounteredt
atforagertsociety,tthistmightthavetledtthetformerttotexposetthetlatterttotdeadlytpathogens.
6. Answertwouldtideallytinclude:
• Thetpossessiontoftmaterialtgoods—suchtastlivestock,tdwellingtstructures,tplows,tcarts,tandtpots—
indicatedtthattsometindividualsthadtcontroltovertmoretlabor.tLabortwastusedttotacquiretmaterialtgoods.tThet
moretmaterialtgoodstonethad,tthetmoretlabortonetcontrolled.tThistindicatedtstatus;ttotcontroltlabortwasttothav
etathighertstatustthantothers.tHavingtmaterialtgoodstgavetonetthetabilityttotacquiretyettmoretmaterialtgoodsta
ndttotcontinuettotacquiretstatus.tMaterialtgoods,talongtwithtland,tcouldtalsotconstitutetantinheritance,tandtthu
stperpetuatetstatustintotthetnexttgeneration.
Chaptert01_Matching
Usetthetfollowingttotanswertquestionst1-15:
SelecttthetwordtortphrasetfromtthetTermstsectiontthattbesttmatchestthetdefinitiontortexampletprovidedtintthetDe
finitionstsection.
Terms
a. pastoralism
b. Neanderthals
c. divisiontoftlabor
d. animism
e. socialthierarchies
f. patriarchy
g. Paleolithictera
h. AgriculturaltRevolution
g. foraging
h. shamans
Paget|t4
