PALS 2025 FINAL Exam ( Question &
Answers )
Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory
[blank]. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increased
Effort
What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to
fatigue & respiratory failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Nasal flaring
Retractions
Head bobbing
Seesaw respirations
Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the
chest rises in [blank] seconds & multiplying by [blank]. - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔30
2
Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants. -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Distress
What do central chemoreceptors respond to? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔It impedes venous return
,PALS 2025 FINAL Exam ( Question &
Answers )
It increases intrathoracic pressure
What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a
bag-mask device? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reposition the airway
Verify the mask size
How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Oxygen saturation
Exhaled carbon dioxide
Visible chest rise w/ each breath
How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔It decreases lung compliance
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric
inflation during a bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Deliver each breath over about 1 second
Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue
hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Tissue hypoxia can occur with
normal arterial oxygen saturation
,PALS 2025 FINAL Exam ( Question &
Answers )
What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar
ventilation, result in? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔PaCO2 less than 35
mm Hg
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔May increase when dissolved oxygen is
increased
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔May be caused by disordered control of
breathing
What happens when ventilation is inadequate? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔PaCO2 increases
What is a critical symptom of hypercarbia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Decreased level of consciousness
Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Mild increase in respiratory effort
Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Marked tachypnea &/or apnea
, PALS 2025 FINAL Exam ( Question &
Answers )
Which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔May occur w/o signs of respiratory distress
Which is most likely to be present in a child who has respiratory distress
[not respiratory failure]? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ability to
maintain a patent airway
What steps should be taken as part of initial management of a child in
respiratory distress? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Support an open
airway
Monitor O2 saturation by pulse oximetry
Monitor heart rate, rhythm, & bp
Which are ideal characteristics of face masks for ventilation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Covers mouth & nose
Has a soft rim
Transparent
What is the rationale for using a transparent mask? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Allows you to see the color of the child's lips
Answers )
Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory
[blank]. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increased
Effort
What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to
fatigue & respiratory failure? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Nasal flaring
Retractions
Head bobbing
Seesaw respirations
Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the
chest rises in [blank] seconds & multiplying by [blank]. - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔30
2
Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants. -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Distress
What do central chemoreceptors respond to? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔It impedes venous return
,PALS 2025 FINAL Exam ( Question &
Answers )
It increases intrathoracic pressure
What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a
bag-mask device? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reposition the airway
Verify the mask size
How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Oxygen saturation
Exhaled carbon dioxide
Visible chest rise w/ each breath
How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔It decreases lung compliance
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric
inflation during a bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Deliver each breath over about 1 second
Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue
hypoxia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Tissue hypoxia can occur with
normal arterial oxygen saturation
,PALS 2025 FINAL Exam ( Question &
Answers )
What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar
ventilation, result in? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔PaCO2 less than 35
mm Hg
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia?
- CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔May increase when dissolved oxygen is
increased
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔May be caused by disordered control of
breathing
What happens when ventilation is inadequate? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔PaCO2 increases
What is a critical symptom of hypercarbia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Decreased level of consciousness
Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Mild increase in respiratory effort
Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Marked tachypnea &/or apnea
, PALS 2025 FINAL Exam ( Question &
Answers )
Which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔May occur w/o signs of respiratory distress
Which is most likely to be present in a child who has respiratory distress
[not respiratory failure]? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ability to
maintain a patent airway
What steps should be taken as part of initial management of a child in
respiratory distress? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Support an open
airway
Monitor O2 saturation by pulse oximetry
Monitor heart rate, rhythm, & bp
Which are ideal characteristics of face masks for ventilation? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Covers mouth & nose
Has a soft rim
Transparent
What is the rationale for using a transparent mask? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Allows you to see the color of the child's lips
