NR 224: Final Exam (Latest Update 2025 /
2026) Questions & Answers with Rationales|
100% Correct | Grade
What is the most effective method to prevent the transfer of clostridium
difficile (C. Difficile) ? -{ answer}-HAND HYGIENE with soap and water is
effective to physically remove C. difficile spores from the hands. (Potter
1092)
What is the term for the [abnormal] method used to assist in stool
passage by exerting pressure to expel fecal matter through voluntary
contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining a forced
expiration against a closed airway? -{ answer}-Valsalva Manuever
*Normal passage of bowels should be painless, passing soft formed
stool*
Which patients are at greatest risk for cardiac dysrhythmia and high
blood pressure with the Valsalva manuever and MUST avoid straining to
pass stool? -{ answer}-Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma,
increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound
(Potter 1089)
What is the term for a collection of hardened feces in the rectum that
cannot be expelled due to unrelieved constipation? -{ answer}-Fecal
Impaction
Where does fecal impaction occur in the colon? -{ answer}-Rectum
Least formed stool is present in which portion of the digestive tract? -{
answer}-Ascending Colon
,Most formed stool is present in which portion of the digestive tract? -{
answer}-Descending Colon
Which position should the patient be in while administering an enema? -{
answer}-Left Side-Lying or Sim's Position
Which factors would contribute to stopping enema administration? -{
answer}-If bleeding occurs, abdomen becomes rigid and distended, pain
occurs, or resistance is felt
Which enema solution is the safest for administration because it does
NOT create a danger for excess fluid absorption? -{ answer}-Normal
Saline [Isotonic Solution]
Which enema solution is contraindicated in patients who are dehydrated
or young infants because of risk for fluid imbalance? -{ answer}-
Hypertonic Solution
Which enema solution is considered to be hypotonic and should NOT be
repeated because of the risk of water toxicity or circulatory overload if
and because the body absorbs excessive amounts of water? -{ answer}-
Tap Water [Hypotonic Solution]
Which enema solution lubricates the rectum and allows the feces to
absorb the oil making them soft and easier to pass? -{ answer}-Oil
Retention
Which enema solution creates intestinal irritation to stimulate peristalsis
by using castile soap? -{ answer}-Soapsuds
Which enema solution should used in caution in pregnant women and
elderly because it may cause an electrolyte imbalance or damage to
intestinal mucosa? -{ answer}-Soapsuds
Which laboratory test is used to measure microscopic amounts of blood
in the feces (blood that cannot be seen) -{ answer}-Guaiac Fecal Occult
Blood Test
Repeat the test at least three times while the patient refrains from
ingesting foods (e.g., some raw vegetables, red meat, poultry, fish) and
medications (e.g., vitamin C, aspirin, non steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs) that cause false-positive results
,(Potter 1100)
When analyzing a fecal specimens for ova and parasites, what is
required of the stool? -{ answer}-The stool MUST be warm.
If the stool specimen remains at room temperature, bacteriological
changes can alter the test results
Which cathartic form is most effective because of its stimulant effect on
the rectal mucosa
(Example: Dulcolax)? -{ answer}-Cathartic Suppositories
Which foods induce a constipating effect? -{ answer}-cheese, lean
meats, eggs, and pasta
Which food induce a laxative effect? -{ answer}-fruits, vegetables, bran,
chocolate, alcohol, and coffee
What are the assessment findings of a normal stoma? -{ answer}-bright
pink or brick red
Notify HCP of stoma is blue, purple, brown, or black which indicates
circulation problem to the stoma
How does the nurse measure the length of the NG tube for insertion? -{
answer}-Tip of the nose --> earlobe --> xiphoid process
What is the most reliable method of verification for placement of the NG
tube? -{ answer}-X-ray
Other methods include: pH test (aspirate and inspect color)
What are the ranges for body mass index? -{ answer}-Normal = 19-24
Overweight = 25-29
Obese = 30-39
Extremely Obese = > 40
When energy requirements are completely met or EQUALS kcal intake
in food what occurs? -{ answer}-Weight does not change
When kcal intake in food is LESS THAN energy requirements what
occurs? -{ answer}-Loose weight
, When kcal intake in food is GREATER THAN energy requirements what
occurs? -{ answer}-Gain weight
Nutrients are absorbed in what portion of the digestive tract? -{ answer}-
Small intestine [duodenum]
Which order is prescribed when patient needs medication QUICKLY but
NOT right away?
The nurse has 90 minutes to administer meds -{ answer}-Now Order
When the prescriber writes a Rx for medications taken outside hospital
this is considered to be a _____ -{ answer}-Prescription Order
If the patient is in severe pain and is requesting pain medication but it is
before the PRN medication is supposed to be administer, what should
the nurse do? -{ answer}-Call the prescriber and request a STAT order
If the physicians order is written incorrectly, is unable to be read, or is
incomplete what should the nurse do? -{ answer}-Call the prescriber and
verify/justify the order
If the patient refuses medications, what should the nurse do? -{ answer}-
Explore reasons why patient does not want medication.
Proteins are necessary for _________ balance -{ answer}-Positive
protein and nitrogen balance for healing, growth, and tissue repair
1 gram of carbohydrates = ____ kcal -{ answer}-4 kcal
1 gram of fat = ____ kcal -{ answer}-9 kcal
Most calorie dense
< ___ % of fat intake of daily nutrition is considered a nutritional
deficiency -{ answer}-< 10%
1 gram of protein = ___ kcal -{ answer}-4 kcal
Which amino acids are NOT manufactured by the body and MUST be
obtained through diet or external source are known as? -{ answer}-
Indispensable amino acids
2026) Questions & Answers with Rationales|
100% Correct | Grade
What is the most effective method to prevent the transfer of clostridium
difficile (C. Difficile) ? -{ answer}-HAND HYGIENE with soap and water is
effective to physically remove C. difficile spores from the hands. (Potter
1092)
What is the term for the [abnormal] method used to assist in stool
passage by exerting pressure to expel fecal matter through voluntary
contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining a forced
expiration against a closed airway? -{ answer}-Valsalva Manuever
*Normal passage of bowels should be painless, passing soft formed
stool*
Which patients are at greatest risk for cardiac dysrhythmia and high
blood pressure with the Valsalva manuever and MUST avoid straining to
pass stool? -{ answer}-Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma,
increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound
(Potter 1089)
What is the term for a collection of hardened feces in the rectum that
cannot be expelled due to unrelieved constipation? -{ answer}-Fecal
Impaction
Where does fecal impaction occur in the colon? -{ answer}-Rectum
Least formed stool is present in which portion of the digestive tract? -{
answer}-Ascending Colon
,Most formed stool is present in which portion of the digestive tract? -{
answer}-Descending Colon
Which position should the patient be in while administering an enema? -{
answer}-Left Side-Lying or Sim's Position
Which factors would contribute to stopping enema administration? -{
answer}-If bleeding occurs, abdomen becomes rigid and distended, pain
occurs, or resistance is felt
Which enema solution is the safest for administration because it does
NOT create a danger for excess fluid absorption? -{ answer}-Normal
Saline [Isotonic Solution]
Which enema solution is contraindicated in patients who are dehydrated
or young infants because of risk for fluid imbalance? -{ answer}-
Hypertonic Solution
Which enema solution is considered to be hypotonic and should NOT be
repeated because of the risk of water toxicity or circulatory overload if
and because the body absorbs excessive amounts of water? -{ answer}-
Tap Water [Hypotonic Solution]
Which enema solution lubricates the rectum and allows the feces to
absorb the oil making them soft and easier to pass? -{ answer}-Oil
Retention
Which enema solution creates intestinal irritation to stimulate peristalsis
by using castile soap? -{ answer}-Soapsuds
Which enema solution should used in caution in pregnant women and
elderly because it may cause an electrolyte imbalance or damage to
intestinal mucosa? -{ answer}-Soapsuds
Which laboratory test is used to measure microscopic amounts of blood
in the feces (blood that cannot be seen) -{ answer}-Guaiac Fecal Occult
Blood Test
Repeat the test at least three times while the patient refrains from
ingesting foods (e.g., some raw vegetables, red meat, poultry, fish) and
medications (e.g., vitamin C, aspirin, non steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs) that cause false-positive results
,(Potter 1100)
When analyzing a fecal specimens for ova and parasites, what is
required of the stool? -{ answer}-The stool MUST be warm.
If the stool specimen remains at room temperature, bacteriological
changes can alter the test results
Which cathartic form is most effective because of its stimulant effect on
the rectal mucosa
(Example: Dulcolax)? -{ answer}-Cathartic Suppositories
Which foods induce a constipating effect? -{ answer}-cheese, lean
meats, eggs, and pasta
Which food induce a laxative effect? -{ answer}-fruits, vegetables, bran,
chocolate, alcohol, and coffee
What are the assessment findings of a normal stoma? -{ answer}-bright
pink or brick red
Notify HCP of stoma is blue, purple, brown, or black which indicates
circulation problem to the stoma
How does the nurse measure the length of the NG tube for insertion? -{
answer}-Tip of the nose --> earlobe --> xiphoid process
What is the most reliable method of verification for placement of the NG
tube? -{ answer}-X-ray
Other methods include: pH test (aspirate and inspect color)
What are the ranges for body mass index? -{ answer}-Normal = 19-24
Overweight = 25-29
Obese = 30-39
Extremely Obese = > 40
When energy requirements are completely met or EQUALS kcal intake
in food what occurs? -{ answer}-Weight does not change
When kcal intake in food is LESS THAN energy requirements what
occurs? -{ answer}-Loose weight
, When kcal intake in food is GREATER THAN energy requirements what
occurs? -{ answer}-Gain weight
Nutrients are absorbed in what portion of the digestive tract? -{ answer}-
Small intestine [duodenum]
Which order is prescribed when patient needs medication QUICKLY but
NOT right away?
The nurse has 90 minutes to administer meds -{ answer}-Now Order
When the prescriber writes a Rx for medications taken outside hospital
this is considered to be a _____ -{ answer}-Prescription Order
If the patient is in severe pain and is requesting pain medication but it is
before the PRN medication is supposed to be administer, what should
the nurse do? -{ answer}-Call the prescriber and request a STAT order
If the physicians order is written incorrectly, is unable to be read, or is
incomplete what should the nurse do? -{ answer}-Call the prescriber and
verify/justify the order
If the patient refuses medications, what should the nurse do? -{ answer}-
Explore reasons why patient does not want medication.
Proteins are necessary for _________ balance -{ answer}-Positive
protein and nitrogen balance for healing, growth, and tissue repair
1 gram of carbohydrates = ____ kcal -{ answer}-4 kcal
1 gram of fat = ____ kcal -{ answer}-9 kcal
Most calorie dense
< ___ % of fat intake of daily nutrition is considered a nutritional
deficiency -{ answer}-< 10%
1 gram of protein = ___ kcal -{ answer}-4 kcal
Which amino acids are NOT manufactured by the body and MUST be
obtained through diet or external source are known as? -{ answer}-
Indispensable amino acids
