Gastrointestinal (Drug Therapy)
Questions and Answers
Antacids - neutralize the acids in the stomach by reacting with hydrochloride acid to
form salt and water; decrease destruction of the gut wall
Anti-histamines - Histamine 1 receptor blockers; acid is histamine 2 receptor blockers
Antidiarrheal agents -
Bulk forming laxatives - Fiber that resist enzymatic digestion and reach the colon
unchanged
Cause of constipation - - Nervous tension
- Worry
- Change in social setting
- Prolonged use of laxatives
- low fiber diet
- Reduced fluid intake
- Lack of exercise
Defenses against gastric acid - Lower esophageal sphincter tone to prevent reflex into
the esophags and a gastric mucus that coats the surface of the stomach and traps
bicarbonate (neutralizes acid), it's secreted by mucous cells
example of antacids - calcium carbonate (Tums); sodium bicarbonate (alkaline-seltzer)
Example of antibioetics for ulcers - Clarithromycin; tetracycline; amoxicillin; bismuth
subsalicyclate; metronidazole
Example of stool surfactants -
H. pylori treatment - Triple Therapy: high dose PPI every 12 hours
(PPI + clarithromycin or amoxicillin for 14 days).
Quadruple therapy (14 days): high dose PI every 12 hours: two antibiotics
(metronidazole; tetracycline 500mg)
H2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RAS) examples - Cimetidine (Tagamet); Famotidine
(Pepcid); Nizatidine (Axid)
H2 receptor antagonists MOA - Acid inhibitition via reversible H2
Heliobacter pylori - gram negative bacillus; colonizes in the stomach and duodenum
Questions and Answers
Antacids - neutralize the acids in the stomach by reacting with hydrochloride acid to
form salt and water; decrease destruction of the gut wall
Anti-histamines - Histamine 1 receptor blockers; acid is histamine 2 receptor blockers
Antidiarrheal agents -
Bulk forming laxatives - Fiber that resist enzymatic digestion and reach the colon
unchanged
Cause of constipation - - Nervous tension
- Worry
- Change in social setting
- Prolonged use of laxatives
- low fiber diet
- Reduced fluid intake
- Lack of exercise
Defenses against gastric acid - Lower esophageal sphincter tone to prevent reflex into
the esophags and a gastric mucus that coats the surface of the stomach and traps
bicarbonate (neutralizes acid), it's secreted by mucous cells
example of antacids - calcium carbonate (Tums); sodium bicarbonate (alkaline-seltzer)
Example of antibioetics for ulcers - Clarithromycin; tetracycline; amoxicillin; bismuth
subsalicyclate; metronidazole
Example of stool surfactants -
H. pylori treatment - Triple Therapy: high dose PPI every 12 hours
(PPI + clarithromycin or amoxicillin for 14 days).
Quadruple therapy (14 days): high dose PI every 12 hours: two antibiotics
(metronidazole; tetracycline 500mg)
H2 Receptor Antagonists (H2RAS) examples - Cimetidine (Tagamet); Famotidine
(Pepcid); Nizatidine (Axid)
H2 receptor antagonists MOA - Acid inhibitition via reversible H2
Heliobacter pylori - gram negative bacillus; colonizes in the stomach and duodenum
