Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter (questions and answers for every single chapter)2025!!!

Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter I. Psychology is the scientific study of: A) mind and body. B) mind and behaviour. C) mood and behaviour. D) mood and body. 2. Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour. Behaviour refers to: A) perceptions, thoughts, memories, and feelings. B) explanations. C) urges. D) observable actions of humans and nonhuman animals. 3. Today, psychologists believe that mental processes: A) arise from electrical and chemical activities ofthe brain. B) arise from a nonphysical mind interacting with the pineal gland in the brain. C) are not proper subject matter for science research. D) usually are not adaptive in helping us function effectively in the world. 4. Today, most psychologists would agree with which statement concerning mental processes? A) The scientific method cannot be applied to mental processes. B) Mental processes are nonphysical entities that control the brain and body. C) Mental processes arise from brain functioning. D) Mental processes are the only subject matter worthy ofstudy in psychology. 5. Using__, Krings et al. (2000) demonstrated that the brains of professional piano players were __ active than novice players when both groups made finger movements like those involved in piano play. A) fMRl; more B) tMRl; less C) CT scans; more D) CT scans; less 6. The case ofElliot, as documented by Damasio ( 1994), suggests that: A) cognitive functioning can be severely impaired while emotion remains unaffected. B) emotions usually interfere with adaptive behaviour. Page ITest bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter C) even negative emotions such as anxiety and sorrow have adaptive functions. D) emotion and intelligence share a common neural substrate. 7. William James (1890) believed that the influence of__ could help explain absentmindedness. A) habit B) sleep deprivation C) emotions D) personality 8. Which is the primary reason why modern psychologists study lapses, errors, and mistakes in behaviour and cognition? A) They are more intriguing than normal psychological functioning. B) They allow us to learn about the normal operations of mental life and behaviour. C) They provide a window into the sexual urges ofthe unconscious. D) They vividly illustrate the fact that most psychological functioning is not adaptive. 9. The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in physiology and in: A) anatomy. B) logic. C) dualism. D) philosophy. IO. Some early philosophers believed that certain kinds of knowledge were innate or inborn, a theory known as: A) functionalism. B) nativism. C) philosophical empiricism. D) structuralism. 11. Which early philosopher was interested in certain kinds of knowledge as being innate or inborn? A) Hippocrates B) Plato C) Aristotle D) Descartes Page2Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter 12. The older position of nativism is reflected in psychological views that emphasize the effect of on behaviour. A) nurture B) intuition C) schemas D) nature 13. Plato is to as Aristotle is to A) philosophical structuralism; nativism B) nativism; philosophical empiricism C) nativism; dualism D) dualism; nativism 14. Nature is to nurture as nativism is to: A) experience. B) adaptation. C) behaviourism. D) phrenology. 15. Some early philosophers believed that all knowledge was acquired through experience, an idea now known as: A) functionalism. B) philosophical empiricism. C) structuralism. D) nativism. 16. The notion that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa is consistent with the views of: A) Plato. B) Descartes. C) Aristotle. D) Gall. 17. The fact that very young children almost universally master the basics oflanguage without formal training is most : A) Plato's nativism. B) Gall's phrenology. C) Aristotle's philosophical empiricism. D) Locke's tabula rasa. Page 3Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter l8. The major limitation ofthe works of the classical Greek philosophers to an understanding of human behaviour is that: A) much of these works remains lost to history. B) differences among translations have fueled misunderstanding and debate. C) the works tended to underestimate the role of nurture in shaping human behaviour. D) these philosophers did not develop ways to test their theories. l9. __ believed that the mind and body are different from each other, and linked by the pineal gland. A) Gall. B) Hobbes. C) Descartes. D) Aristotle. 20. Descartes believed that the mind influences the body through the: A) pituitary gland. B) hippocampus. C) prefrontal cortex. D) pineal gland. 21. A spiritual leader believes that the soul and the body are fundamentally different from each other, but are linked via a special structure in the brain. His beliefs are similar to those of: A) Gall. B) Descartes. C) Hobbes. D) Broca. 22. The modem view that the subjective experience of having a mind is the result of brain activity can be traced to which philosopher? A) Hobbes B) Plato C) Descartes D) James 23. The problem of dualism refers to how: A) different areas in the brain control different types of behaviour and cognition. B) mental activity can be reconciled and coordinated with physical behaviour. Page4Test bank for Psychology 4th Edition by Daniel L. Schacter C) brain activity produces consciousness. D) both genetic and environmental factors influence human behaviour. 24. Phrenology suggested that specific mental abilities and characteristics were located in specific regions ofthe brain. It was developed by: A) Descartes. B) Flourens. C) Gall. D) Broca. 25. Dr. Quack touches specific bumps on a patient's skull and then indicates specific character traits for the patient, for example,