ESTUDYR
BIOL 200 MIDTERM EXAM WITH MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+
Informational biopolymers are:
A. Lipids and polysaccharides
B. DNA, RNA, and protein
C. ATP, NADH, and FADH2
D. Steroids and triglycerides
Rationale: Informational biopolymers store and transmit biological information—
DNA, RNA, and proteins.
A polymer is best defined as:
A. A single monomer with no bonds
B. A covalent-bond linked chain of monomers
C. A cluster of lipids in membranes
D. An aggregate of ions
Rationale: Polymers are long chains formed by covalently linking monomer units.
The information carried by a polymer is defined by:
A. Its overall charge only
B. The order (sequence) of monomers in the chain
C. The number of hydrogen bonds it makes
D. Only its tertiary structure
Rationale: Sequence of monomers (e.g., nucleotides or amino acids) encodes
information.
Generic monomer structure for informational polymers includes:
A. An aromatic ring only
B. A free metal ion plus sugar
C. A common element forming the backbone and a characteristic element
(side chain)
D. Two identical reactive ends only
Rationale: Monomers share a backbone-forming element and variable side groups
that define identity.
In informational biopolymers, the polymer backbone is formed by:
A. Ionic interactions between side chains
B. Covalent bonds between the common elements of monomers
C. van der Waals forces only
,ESTUDYR
D. Hydrogen bonds between bases
Rationale: Backbones (sugar-phosphate in nucleic acids; peptide bonds in
proteins) are covalent.
A ―side-chain‖ in polymers refers to:
A. The polymer backbone
B. The characteristic element of a monomer that protrudes from backbone
C. The solvent surrounding the polymer
D. The ribosome attachment site
Rationale: Side chains (R groups or bases) give monomers their identity and
properties.
Polymerization occurs when:
A. Monomers are dissolved only
B. Monomers join via covalent bonds to form polymers
C. Enzymes are destroyed
D. Polymers break down into monomers
Rationale: Polymerization forms covalent linkages between monomers.
Monomer asymmetry in informational biopolymers leads to:
A. Branched polymers only
B. No directionality at all
C. A chemically distinct polarity (two different ends) in the polymer
D. Circular polymers always
Rationale: Asymmetric joining sites cause polarity (e.g., 5' vs 3').
Chain growth in informational biopolymers is:
A. Bidirectional (both ends equally)
B. Random positions only
C. Unidirectional — occurs at a defined end
D. Only by disassembly and rearrangement
Rationale: Polymerases add monomers at a specific end (e.g., 3' end for nucleic
acids).
Conventionally, nucleic acid monomers are added to which end?
A. 5' end
B. Middle of chain
C. 3' end
D. Both 5' and 3' simultaneously
Rationale: Polymerases extend chains via the 3' OH of the growing strand.
, ESTUDYR
The two major types of informational monomer units are:
A. Fatty acids and glycerol
B. Nucleotides and amino acids
C. Monosaccharides and lipids
D. Steroids and polysaccharides
Rationale: Nucleotides build nucleic acids; amino acids build proteins.
Typical maximum chain length ranking (longest → shortest) is:
A. Protein > RNA > DNA
B. RNA > DNA > protein
C. DNA > RNA > protein
D. Protein > DNA > RNA
Rationale: Genomic DNA can be extremely long; RNAs are shorter; proteins
typically < DNA in length.
The characteristic element of a nucleotide is the:
A. Phosphate only
B. Heterocyclic (nitrogenous) base
C. 3' hydroxyl only
D. Ribose phosphate backbone
Rationale: The base (A/C/G/T/U) imparts informational identity.
The common element forming the nucleotide backbone is:
A. Amino group and carboxyl group
B. Pentose sugar and phosphate
C. Fatty acid and glycerol
D. Metal ion and sulfate
Rationale: Sugar-phosphate units link via phosphodiester bonds to form backbone.
Pentose sugars have how many carbons?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Rationale: ―Penta‖ = 5-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose).
DNA’s pentose and RNA’s pentose are:
A. DNA = ribose; RNA = deoxyribose
B. DNA = fructose; RNA = glucose
C. DNA = deoxyribose; RNA = ribose
BIOL 200 MIDTERM EXAM WITH MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | GRADED A+
Informational biopolymers are:
A. Lipids and polysaccharides
B. DNA, RNA, and protein
C. ATP, NADH, and FADH2
D. Steroids and triglycerides
Rationale: Informational biopolymers store and transmit biological information—
DNA, RNA, and proteins.
A polymer is best defined as:
A. A single monomer with no bonds
B. A covalent-bond linked chain of monomers
C. A cluster of lipids in membranes
D. An aggregate of ions
Rationale: Polymers are long chains formed by covalently linking monomer units.
The information carried by a polymer is defined by:
A. Its overall charge only
B. The order (sequence) of monomers in the chain
C. The number of hydrogen bonds it makes
D. Only its tertiary structure
Rationale: Sequence of monomers (e.g., nucleotides or amino acids) encodes
information.
Generic monomer structure for informational polymers includes:
A. An aromatic ring only
B. A free metal ion plus sugar
C. A common element forming the backbone and a characteristic element
(side chain)
D. Two identical reactive ends only
Rationale: Monomers share a backbone-forming element and variable side groups
that define identity.
In informational biopolymers, the polymer backbone is formed by:
A. Ionic interactions between side chains
B. Covalent bonds between the common elements of monomers
C. van der Waals forces only
,ESTUDYR
D. Hydrogen bonds between bases
Rationale: Backbones (sugar-phosphate in nucleic acids; peptide bonds in
proteins) are covalent.
A ―side-chain‖ in polymers refers to:
A. The polymer backbone
B. The characteristic element of a monomer that protrudes from backbone
C. The solvent surrounding the polymer
D. The ribosome attachment site
Rationale: Side chains (R groups or bases) give monomers their identity and
properties.
Polymerization occurs when:
A. Monomers are dissolved only
B. Monomers join via covalent bonds to form polymers
C. Enzymes are destroyed
D. Polymers break down into monomers
Rationale: Polymerization forms covalent linkages between monomers.
Monomer asymmetry in informational biopolymers leads to:
A. Branched polymers only
B. No directionality at all
C. A chemically distinct polarity (two different ends) in the polymer
D. Circular polymers always
Rationale: Asymmetric joining sites cause polarity (e.g., 5' vs 3').
Chain growth in informational biopolymers is:
A. Bidirectional (both ends equally)
B. Random positions only
C. Unidirectional — occurs at a defined end
D. Only by disassembly and rearrangement
Rationale: Polymerases add monomers at a specific end (e.g., 3' end for nucleic
acids).
Conventionally, nucleic acid monomers are added to which end?
A. 5' end
B. Middle of chain
C. 3' end
D. Both 5' and 3' simultaneously
Rationale: Polymerases extend chains via the 3' OH of the growing strand.
, ESTUDYR
The two major types of informational monomer units are:
A. Fatty acids and glycerol
B. Nucleotides and amino acids
C. Monosaccharides and lipids
D. Steroids and polysaccharides
Rationale: Nucleotides build nucleic acids; amino acids build proteins.
Typical maximum chain length ranking (longest → shortest) is:
A. Protein > RNA > DNA
B. RNA > DNA > protein
C. DNA > RNA > protein
D. Protein > DNA > RNA
Rationale: Genomic DNA can be extremely long; RNAs are shorter; proteins
typically < DNA in length.
The characteristic element of a nucleotide is the:
A. Phosphate only
B. Heterocyclic (nitrogenous) base
C. 3' hydroxyl only
D. Ribose phosphate backbone
Rationale: The base (A/C/G/T/U) imparts informational identity.
The common element forming the nucleotide backbone is:
A. Amino group and carboxyl group
B. Pentose sugar and phosphate
C. Fatty acid and glycerol
D. Metal ion and sulfate
Rationale: Sugar-phosphate units link via phosphodiester bonds to form backbone.
Pentose sugars have how many carbons?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Rationale: ―Penta‖ = 5-carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose).
DNA’s pentose and RNA’s pentose are:
A. DNA = ribose; RNA = deoxyribose
B. DNA = fructose; RNA = glucose
C. DNA = deoxyribose; RNA = ribose
