,TEST BANK FOR
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Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27 w
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
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MULTIPLE CHOICE w
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
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a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
w w w w w w w w
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. w
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
3. A w specific function of the immune system is to
w w w w w w w
a. recognize self from nonself. w w w
b. defend the body against nonself.
w w w w
c. amplify specific functions. w w
d. Both A and B. w w w
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the
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body against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
also has nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions.
w w w w w w w w w w w
Nonspecific components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes,
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polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
w w w w w
a. natural resistance. w
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. w w w w
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
w w
d. recovery from infectious disease. w w w
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
w w w w w w w w w w
w resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy,
w w w w w w w w
wrejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
w w w w w w w
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. w w w
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w elements, with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility,
w w w w w w w w
wreplicability, and cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and
w w w w w w w w w w
wmemory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements
w w w w w w w w w w
wof the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific
w w w w w w w w w w
wcellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for
w w w w w w w w w w w
woptimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell
w w w w w w w w
w products, and nonlymphoid elements. w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the w w w w w w w
a. immediate hours after conception w w w
b. second month of gestation. w w w
c. second trimester of gestation. w w w
d. periods of severe anemia in children.w w w w w
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wthe embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wgestation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II w w
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
w w w w w w w w w w w
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
w w w w
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
w w w w
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. w w w w
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
w w w w
ANS: A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in
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the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis,
w w w w w w w w w w w w
and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. The liver
w w w w w w w w w w w w
and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
of hematopoiesis.
w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: II w w
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
w w w w w w
a. to reduce inflammation.
w w
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
w w w w w w
c. antigen recognition. w
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
w w w w w w w w w
system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the
w w w w w w w w w w w w
site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intruding agent.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
severe infections.
w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: II w w
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
w w w w w w w
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. w w w
ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
w w w w w w w w w w
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes w w w w w
(e.g., lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
w w w
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. w w w w w w w w
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wis associated with:
w w
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba w
c. allergic reactions w
d. bacteria
ANS: C
w w
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
w w w w w w w w w w w
Chapter 1-27 w
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
w w w w w w w w w
MULTIPLE CHOICE w
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
w w w w w w w w
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
w w w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
w w w w w w w w
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. w
ANS: C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
3. A w specific function of the immune system is to
w w w w w w w
a. recognize self from nonself. w w w
b. defend the body against nonself.
w w w w
c. amplify specific functions. w w
d. Both A and B. w w w
ANS: D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
body against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
also has nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions.
w w w w w w w w w w w
Nonspecific components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes,
w w w w w w w w w
polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
w w w w w
a. natural resistance. w
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. w w w w
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
w w
d. recovery from infectious disease. w w w
ANS: C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
w w w w w w w w w w
w resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy,
w w w w w w w w
wrejection of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
w w w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
w w w w w w w
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. w w w
ANS: D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed
w w w w w w w w w w w w
w elements, with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility,
w w w w w w w w
wreplicability, and cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and
w w w w w w w w w w
wmemory are characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements
w w w w w w w w w w
wof the immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific
w w w w w w w w w w
wcellular components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for
w w w w w w w w w w w
woptimal functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell
w w w w w w w w
w products, and nonlymphoid elements. w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the w w w w w w w
a. immediate hours after conception w w w
b. second month of gestation. w w w
c. second trimester of gestation. w w w
d. periods of severe anemia in children.w w w w w
ANS: A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wthe embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
wgestation.
DIF: Cognitive Level: II w w
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
w w w w w w w w w w w
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
w w w w
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
w w w w
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. w w w w
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
w w w w
ANS: A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
the islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
and spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
second month of gestation, the liver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis,
w w w w w w w w w w w w
and granular types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. The liver
w w w w w w w w w w w w
and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
fetal month, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
of hematopoiesis.
w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: II w w
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
w w w w w w
a. to reduce inflammation.
w w
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
w w w w w w
c. antigen recognition. w
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
w w w w w w w w w
system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the
w w w w w w w w w w w w
site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in
w w w w w w w w w w w w
the tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intruding agent.
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
severe infections.
w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: II w w
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
w w w w w w w
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. w w w
ANS: D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
w w w w w w w w w w
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes w w w w w
(e.g., lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
w w w
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. w w w w w w w w
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases w w w w w w
DIF: Cognitive Level: I w w
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood
w w w w w w w w w w w w
wis associated with:
w w
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba w
c. allergic reactions w
d. bacteria
ANS: C
