BIOD 171 Module 2 Exam with accurate a
questions covering the structure and func
cellular transport,
metabolism, and an introduction to tissue
systems in human biology WITH QUEST
WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 REA
usable forms of either glucose or a glucose intermediate (glucose-6phosphate)
Proteases are used to catabolize what? ---ANSWER---Proteases are used to breakdown
are used to breakdown lipids)
Excluding sugars, what are the other sources of energy? Which is highest in energy? --
proteins, and lipids can all serve as potential energy sources in the absence of sugar. Lip
often having several reduced carbon molecules (high in hydrogen content) that can be
ETC cycles
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
,while respiration occurs under aerobic (presence of oxygen) conditions. Notably, respir
fermentation.
In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where?
---ANSWER---The process of converting light energy into chemical energy (photophos
in the membrane. Similar to the electron transport chain, one of its main functions is t
concentration gradient to generate ATP.
What are the byproducts of light reactions used for in dark reactions? ---ANSWER---T
produced via light reactions are used in dark reactions to convert carbon dioxide and w
compounds as well as useful carbohydrates (a process called carbon fixation)
What is the chemical reaction for the Calvin cycle? ---ANSWER---6 CO2 + 18
ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+
What determines the specificity of an enzyme? ---ANSWER---The specificity of an enz
by its active site - a unique chemical structure bound only by select target molecules. T
by the amino acid composition of the protein as this in turn influences the fold, shape,
enzyme. The active site (and its target protein) can be thought of as a lock-and-key rela
provides specificity (like a lock) that only specific target proteins can bind - much like
fit into, unlock, and 'activate' a lock
,What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? ---ANSWER---E
reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be u
Enzymes can also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofa
while in its presence enzymes are active.
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
---ANSWER---Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful
anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis od macromolecules from smaller molecula
complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and repair
ATP has the energy to ______, while ADP has the capacity to ______ energy. ---ANSW
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? ---ANSWER---C
energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment, can be divided into either
electrons from organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove electro
molecules
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation?
---ANSWER---Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept substrate
Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the chemical oxidation of nu
, reactants are everything located to the left of the arrow. The reactants of glycolysis are
NAD+ and ATP.
How are the TCA and ETC related? ---ANSWER---The end products of the Kreb's (TCA
electron transport chain. In other words, as the Kreb's cycle (TCA) produces an abunda
carriers (NADH and FADH2), it fuels the ETC. As the electrons are transferred from NA
electron acceptors a proton motor force is generated, ATP synthase is activated and up
be produced.
In the absence of sugars, are entirely different metabolic pathways used to process alter
(fructose or lactose)? ---ANSWER---No. Additional enzymatic steps are simply require
catabolism to convert complex sugars into
questions covering the structure and func
cellular transport,
metabolism, and an introduction to tissue
systems in human biology WITH QUEST
WELL VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025 REA
usable forms of either glucose or a glucose intermediate (glucose-6phosphate)
Proteases are used to catabolize what? ---ANSWER---Proteases are used to breakdown
are used to breakdown lipids)
Excluding sugars, what are the other sources of energy? Which is highest in energy? --
proteins, and lipids can all serve as potential energy sources in the absence of sugar. Lip
often having several reduced carbon molecules (high in hydrogen content) that can be
ETC cycles
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
,while respiration occurs under aerobic (presence of oxygen) conditions. Notably, respir
fermentation.
In phosphorylation, the light reactions always occur where?
---ANSWER---The process of converting light energy into chemical energy (photophos
in the membrane. Similar to the electron transport chain, one of its main functions is t
concentration gradient to generate ATP.
What are the byproducts of light reactions used for in dark reactions? ---ANSWER---T
produced via light reactions are used in dark reactions to convert carbon dioxide and w
compounds as well as useful carbohydrates (a process called carbon fixation)
What is the chemical reaction for the Calvin cycle? ---ANSWER---6 CO2 + 18
ATP + 12 NADPH + 12 H2O --> C6H12O6 + 18 ADP + 12 NADP+
What determines the specificity of an enzyme? ---ANSWER---The specificity of an enz
by its active site - a unique chemical structure bound only by select target molecules. T
by the amino acid composition of the protein as this in turn influences the fold, shape,
enzyme. The active site (and its target protein) can be thought of as a lock-and-key rela
provides specificity (like a lock) that only specific target proteins can bind - much like
fit into, unlock, and 'activate' a lock
,What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? ---ANSWER---E
reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be u
Enzymes can also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofa
while in its presence enzymes are active.
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
---ANSWER---Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful
anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis od macromolecules from smaller molecula
complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and repair
ATP has the energy to ______, while ADP has the capacity to ______ energy. ---ANSW
Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? ---ANSWER---C
energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment, can be divided into either
electrons from organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove electro
molecules
Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation?
---ANSWER---Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (may also accept substrate
Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the chemical oxidation of nu
, reactants are everything located to the left of the arrow. The reactants of glycolysis are
NAD+ and ATP.
How are the TCA and ETC related? ---ANSWER---The end products of the Kreb's (TCA
electron transport chain. In other words, as the Kreb's cycle (TCA) produces an abunda
carriers (NADH and FADH2), it fuels the ETC. As the electrons are transferred from NA
electron acceptors a proton motor force is generated, ATP synthase is activated and up
be produced.
In the absence of sugars, are entirely different metabolic pathways used to process alter
(fructose or lactose)? ---ANSWER---No. Additional enzymatic steps are simply require
catabolism to convert complex sugars into
